Waves and Currents

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Waves and Currents
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Waves

• Ocean waves are caused by winds on the surface.
• In the ocean, a wave does not move water
  forwardjust up and down.
• Energy is transferred forward.
• http//www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/motion/waves1.
  htm

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Anatomy of a Wave
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Currents

• Currents move water and are caused by
• Wind
• Salinity
• Temperature of water
• Ocean floor
• Earths rotation

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The Gulf Stream
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Upwellings

• Upwellings occur when wind blows away warm
  surface water and the cold water underneath it
  rises up.
• This cold water comes from great depths and
  carries many nutrients.
• Areas of upwellings usually have abundant sea
  life.

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Thermocline

• On the surface, water is heated by the sun and
  mixed by winds.
• Between the upper layer of mixed water and the
  lower completely undisturbed water is a layer
  called the thermocline.
• In this layer temperatures drop rapidly!

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Estuary

• Where a river meets up with the ocean.
• Depending on size/shape they are also referred to
  as bays, lagoons, harbors, inlets, sounds etc.
• Huge variety of different species of animals live
  here.
• http//64.233.179.104/search?qcacheLY95elTANQ8J
  www.epa.gov/nep/about1.htmWhatisanestuary3Fh
  len

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Spring

• A natural flow of groundwater that bubbles up to
  the surface.
• Spring water is usually clean (soil acts as a
  biological filter) and rich in minerals (
  Dissolved from traveling through soil).

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Geysers

• A spring that intermittently erupts a column of
  water and steam.
• Eruption is caused because extreme pressure
  builds up in the conduit system underground.

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Geyser