River Valley Civilizations

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River Valley Civilizations
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Egypt- 3000 B.C.E.
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The Nile River

• Egypt was called The Gift of the Nile
• Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not
  have developed
• Regular flood patterns
• Compare to Mesopotamia?

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Egypts Geography

• Egypts natural defenses
• Sahara Desert
• Nile Cataracts
• Result?

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Writing

• Hieroglyphics- originally pictograms evolved to
  contain some phonetic elements
• Papyrus
• Early writing was used for business and
  administration
• Eventually used for stories, prayers, laws and
  instructions
• Rosetta Stone - translation

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The People

• Mixed ethnicity

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Kingdoms

• Early dynasty- Egypt unified by Menes (created
  the first dynasty)
• Old Kingdom- Great pyramids built
• Middle Kingdom- arts flourish
• Intermediate period- country divided
• New Kingdom- Strong rulers, i.e. Ramses II

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Men and Gods

• Polytheistic
• Pharaohs were considered gods
• Major Gods
• Amon-Ra, Osiris, Isis, Horus, Seth, Thoth, Anubis
• Mummified people preserve body for use in
  afterlife

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• How is the Egyptian view of the afterlife
  different from Mesopotamias?, how is it the
  same?

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Government

• Unified kingdom
• Strong central government (what is evidence of
  this?)
• Is Egypts govt. different or the same as
  Mesopotamia?

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Architecture

• Pyramids
• Tombs
• Statues
• Temples
• Greatest architecture of the early civilizations

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The Indus Valley Civilization

• Located along the Indus river in modern-day
  Pakistan
• 33001300 BCE, flowered 26001900 BCE
• Flourished for 1000 years, then disappeared
  without a trace
• Major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

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• Harappa
• Mohenjo-Daro
• India

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Evidence of limited contact
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Features

• Well-organized cities
• Laid out in a grid pattern, i.e. they were?
• Had toilets, plumbing and irrigation

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• Indus Valley writing has yet to be deciphered

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Disappearance

• No one knows for sure
• Theories
• Earthquake
• Mudslide
• Overrun by Aryans
• Climate change