What's about Breast Cancer

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Dr. Esraa Al-Dujaily M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc.Path
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PATTERN OF BREAST CANCER IN IRAQ
Breast Cancer is a major public health problem in
Najaf and many other parts of Iraq.

• YOUNG AGED ARE AFFECTED.
• FAMILIAL CANCER CLUSTERING IS SEEN .

One of the first steps in controlling the cancer
burden is its early detection .
However, the majority of cancer cases in Iraq
(50-80) are detected in advanced stages .
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• Is a malignant tumor of breast .
• Commonly occur in women.
• But men could be affected.

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• Incidence ( Highlights)( ACS -USA)
• The chance of women 1 in 8 (12.5).
• About 40,910 women died in the U S in 2007.
• About 40,480 women will die this year (2008).

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Signs and symptoms
1.A lump or thickening in or near the breast or
in the underarm area. 2.A change in the
size or shape of the breast 3.Nipple discharge
or tenderness. 4.Ridges or pitting of the
breast, making the skin look like the skin of
an orange. 5.A change in the look or feel of
the skin of the breast, areola or nipple
such as warmth, swelling, redness or
scaliness .
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• How Breast Cancer Is Suspected
• ( Diagnosed ?? )
• Through
• 1-breast self-exam (BSE)
• 2-Clinical breast exam (CBE)
• 3-Mammogram( for screening and diagnosis )
• 4-Breast ultrasound
• 5- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
• 6- FNAC ( Cytology ), still needs to be
  confirmed by biopsy

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• The fight now against cancer
• is not in the treatment
• but in the
• earlier detection

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• Can Breast Cancer Be Found Early?

Screening????
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Early Breast Cancer DetectionScreening Program

• The ACS recommends the following guidelines
• 1-Mammogram
• Women age 40 and older . every
  year
• 2-Clinical breast exam
• Women 20s and 30s CBE every 3 years.
• women gt 40 CBE every year.
• 3- breast self-exam (BSE) starting 20s.
• 4-Women at high risk
• mammograms with extra tests, or frequent
  CBE.

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Gene Testing In Early Detection of Breast Cancer

• Between 5 and 10 of all breast cancers are
  thought to be hereditary.

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How can you determine if the breast cancer in
your family is hereditary?

• A personal history of breast cancer at a young
  age.
• A family history of breast cancer at a young age.
• A family history of breast cancer in more than
  one generation .
• A male relative with breast cancer .
• A family member who has both breast and ovarian
  cancers .
• A family member with bilateral breast cancer.
• A frequent occurrence of ovarian cancer within
  your family .

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What can you do for your patient if she found to
have positive gene test?

• Increased monitoring.
• Risk-reducing surgery.

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After a long fight, Kathy lost her battle with
breast cancer at age 45.  Kathys courage made it
possible for our family to arm ourselves with the
knowledge of genetic testing so that we may
change the legacy of cancer in the next
generations.  And we will.
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