Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

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Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

• Kuliah-06
• Fixed Line Access Network

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Access Network (Jaringan Akses)

• Penghubung antara CPE dengan Core Network yg
  berfungsi menyalurkan informasi/data dari CPE ke
  Core Network dan sebaliknya

Transport (Core Network)
Access Network
Terminal (CPE)
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
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Fixed Line Access Network

• Fixed line access network adalah jaringan akses
  untuk menghubungkan terminal (CPE) yang tidak
  bepindah-pindah (fixed)
• Jaringan akses berdasarkan media yang digunakan
• Kabel tembaga
• Kabel coaxial
• Kabel serat optik (optical fiber)

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Jaringan Akses Kabel Tembaga

• Kabel serta perangkatnya yang menghubungkan titik
  terminasi telepon pelanggan dengan sentral
  telepon lokal

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Penggunaan Jaringan Akses Kabel Tembaga

• Transmisi analog
• Jaringan lokal telepon PSTN (Public Switched
  Telephone Network)
• Untuk komunikasi data (mis. akses Internet)
  digunakan Modem
• Bandwidth
• 4 kHz untuk voice
• 64 Kb/s untuk data

Voice(analog)
Analog
PSTN
Data (digital)
Analog
Digital
Modem
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Broadband Access
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Kebutuhan Bandwidth

• Pertumbuhan jumlah pelanggan ? jumlah dan
  kompleksitas aplikasi meningkat ? kebutuhan
  bandwidth meningkat secara exponensial

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Definisi Broadband

• Pengertian broadband dapat berbeda-beda di tiap
  negara
• Pengertian secara global
• Transmission capacity and speed to allow
  interactive high-quality full-motion video, data
  and voice applications simultaneously via one
  pipe.
• Broadband merupakan teknologi komunikasi yang
  dapat menyediakan dukungan layanan yang
  always-on and fast-access
• Aplikasi
• Advanced computer applications,
• Video-on-Demand (VOD)
• Video Conferencing (VC)
• Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• e-Government
• e-learning
• telemedicine, dll.

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Teknologi Akses Broadband

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Fiber Access Network
• Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)
• Power Line Communication (PLC)

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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

• Teknologi yang menyediakan transmisi data digital
  pada jaringan lokal telepon (kabel tembaga)
• Memungkinkan penggunaan bandwidth yang besar pada
  jaringan lokal akses telepon eksisiting
• Meningkatkan kapasitas digital saluran telepon
  biasa (local loop)
• Menggunakan saluran kabel tembaga eksisting untuk
  layanan broadband
• Tujuannya untuk menyediakan layanan pita lebar
  untuk residensial dan perkantoran
• xDSL adalah terminologi umum untuk semua
  jenis-jenis dari DSL. x berarti tipe / jenis
  teknologi HDSL, ADSL, SDSL, VDSL, dll

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Keuntungan DSL

• Menggunakan infrastruktur (kabel pair)
  eksisting.
• Layanan dapat seketika diberikan kepada setiap
  pelanggan yang telah mempunyai sambungan telepon
  baik perumahan maupun bisnis/perkantoran.
• Tidak perlu meng-upgrade sentral, karena trafik
  DSL tidak masuk ke sentral.
• Layanan baru yang diberikan tidak mengganggu
  layanan telepon eksisting.
• Mampu memberikan kanal akses digital kecepatan
  tinggi secara dedicated untuk setiap pelanggan.

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How DSL Works

• DSL adalah teknologi yang mengasumsikan bahwa
  data digital tidak perlu diubah ke dalam bentuk
  analog, dan sebaliknya.
• Data digital ditransmisikan melalui jaringan
  lokal langsung dalam bentuk sinyal digital.
• Hal ini memungkinkan digunakannya teknologi
  modulasi/multiplexing digital yang memungkinkan
  jaringan dapat digunakan untuk bandwidth yang
  lebih tinggi.
• Sinyal juga dapat dipisahkan, sebagian bandwidth
  dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan sinyal
  analog, sehingga komunikasi data melalui komputer
  dan percakapan melalui telepon dapat dilakukan
  melalui saluran yang sama dan pada waktu yang
  bersamaan

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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Konfigurasi xDSL
DSL
DSL
Jaringan kabel tembaga
Core Network
DSLAM
DSLAM
DSL
DSL
DSL
DSL
DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexer
CPE
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Asimetris
Sifat Transmisi xDSL
Core Network
Down stream
Up stream
Biasanya digunakan oleh pelanggan untuk akses
Internet, di mana arah down stream lebih besar
daripada arah up stream (lebih banyak download
daripada mengirim data)
Simetris
Core Network
Down stream
Up stream
Biasanya digunakan untuk hubungan yang memerlukan
kecepatan data yang tinggi untuk kedua arah
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Beberapa Type xDSL

• Assymetric DSL (ADSL)
• G.992.1 (G.DMT)
• G.992.3 (ADSL2)
• G.992.5 (ADSL2)
• High data-rate DSL (HDSL)
• G.991.1
• Single-line Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
• Very high data-rate DSL (VDSL)
• G.993.1
• G.993.2 (VDSL2)

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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Perbandingan Type xDSL
Type Transmission Data Rate Application
ADSL G.992.1 Asymmetric 7 Mbps down 800 kbps up Internet and Web access, motion video, video on demand, remote LAN access
ADSL2 G.992.3 Asymmetric 8 Mb/s down 1 Mbps up Internet and Web access, motion video, video on demand, remote LAN access
ADSL2plus G.992.5 Asymmetric 24 Mbps down 1 Mbps up Internet and Web access, motion video, video on demand, remote LAN access
HDSL G.991.1 Symmetric 2 Mbps up/down T1/E1 service between server and phone company or within a companyWAN, LAN, server access
SDSL Symmetric 2 Mbps up/down Same as for HDSL but requiring only one line of twisted-pair
VDSL G.993.1 Asymmetric 55 Mbps down 15 Mbps up Supporting new high bandwidth applications such as HDTV, as well as telephone services (Voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection
VDSL2 G.993.1 12 MHz long reach Asymmetric 55 Mbps down 30 Mbps up Supporting new high bandwidth applications such as HDTV, as well as telephone services (Voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection
VDSL2 G.993.1 30 MHz Short reach Symmetric 100 Mbps up/down Supporting new high bandwidth applications such as HDTV, as well as telephone services (Voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection
www.dslforum.org wikipedia
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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Short History of xDSL
Bell Labs develop OFDM to make traditional copper
wires to support new digital services -
especially video-on-demand (VOD)
1985 -- 1990 -- 1993 -- 1995 -- 1998 -- 1999
--
Phone companies start deploying High-Speed DSL
(HDSL) to offer T1 service (1.544 Mb/s) on copper
lines without the expense of installing repeaters
- first between small exchanges
Phone companies begin to promote HDSL for smaller
and smaller companies and ADSL for home internet
access
Evaluation of three modulation technologies for
ADSL QAM, DMT and CAP. DSL Forum established on
1994
Innovative companies begin to see ADSL as a way
to meet the need for faster Internet access
DMT adopted by almost all vendors following ANSI
T1.413 - issue 2 (in contrast to CAP)ITU-T
produced ADSL standards G.992.1 (G.full 8M/640k)
and G.992.2 (G.lite 1.5M/512k)
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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Short History of xDSL
2001 -- Number of DSL subscribers 18.7
million worldwide 2002 -- ITU-T completed
G.992.3 and G.992.41 standards for
ADSL2 2003 -- ADSL2plus released
(G.992.5). It can gain up to 20 Mbps on phone
lines as long at 1.5 km. 30
million DSL users worldwide 2004 -- VDSL2
standards under preparation in DSL forum 2005 --
VDSL2 standard verified (G.933.2)
symmetrical 100 Mb/s. 115
million DSL users
www.dpu.ac.th
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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Motivation / properties of ADSL

• Need for high-speed Internet access
• Telephone modem have only moderate rates (56
  kb/s)
• ADSL Transmits high speed data to local loop by
  using unshielded 2-wire twisted pairs
• The the most popular commercial ADSL (G.992.1)
  allows maximum rate 800 kbit/s upstream and 7
  Mb/s downstream
• Different xDSL techniques developed to serve
  symmetric and asymmetric traffic requirements and
  different rates

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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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ADSL Equipment
Standard Telephone Lines
Central Office Building
ResidentialCustomer
ADSL Rackof Line Cards
Customer Premises Equipment
ADSL Modem or Gateway
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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Contoh Pembagian Bandwidth ADSL

• Contoh pembagian bandwidth ADSL dengan teknik
  modulasi Digital Multi Tone (DMT)

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SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Implementasi BB Access dg ADSL

• Pada saat ini, di TELKOM, yang dimaksud dengan
  service broadband adalah

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Deskripsi Produk

• Speedy adalah produk Layanan Internet access
  end-to-end dengan basis teknologi ADSL
• Paket Layanan

PaketLayanan Speedy Office Speedy Warnet Speedy Personal Speedy Professional Speedy Time Based
Kuota Unlimited Unlimited 1000 MB/bln 3000 MB/bln 50 Jam/bln
www.telkomspeedy.com
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Speedy yang sekarang diposisikan sebagai akses
akan dikembangkan menjadi produk multimedia
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Fiber Access Network

• Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bandwidth yang terus
  meningkat untuk berbagai layanan bagi pelanggan
  diperlukan penyediaan new high-bandwidth access
  services.
• Optical fiber access menyediakan bandwidth sampai
  beberapa gigabits per second (Gbps)dan mungkin
  akan terus meningkat sejalan dengan kemajuan
  teknologi.
• Konfigurasi jaringan
• All optical fiber access network
• Point to point (PTP) network
• Passive/active optical network (PON/AON)
• FTTx
• Struktur jaringan berdasarkan penentuan titik
  konversi sinyal (perubahan dari optik ke twisted
  pair atau coaxial cable)

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Point To Point Network
Central Office / Head End
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Semester genap 2007-2008
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Passive/Active Optical Network
Central Office / Head End
PS/AS
PS/AS
PS Passive Splitter
AS Active Splitter
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Passive Optical Network (PON)

• Does not contain any electronics between the
  central office/headend switch and the
  customer-premises equipment
• The entire downstream bandwidth is transmitted
  to the power splitter and delivered to each
  subscriber
• The customer-premises equipment contains optical
  transceivers that switch on and off during the
  allocated time slots and select their content
  this prevents them from accessing content not
  intended for them
• Each splitter typically splits a fiber into 16,
  32, or 64 fibers, depending on the manufacturer,
  and several splitters can be aggregated in a
  single cabinet

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Active Optical Network (AON)
OLT
Switch

• All subscriber content is transmitted to the
  aggregation switch and then distributed to the
  appropriate subscribers only
• At the switch, all content is converted from an
  optical signal to an electrical signal, separated
  from other content, and converted again to an
  optical signal and delivered appropriately over
  separate fibers to each destination
• Active networks have additional intelligence
  located closer to the subscriber that can reduce
  latency, flexibly add bandwidth, isolate faults,
  switch, schedule and queue traffic and maximize
  bandwidth utilization between the switch
  aggregator and central office

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Fiber To The x (FTTx)

• FTTx merupakan berbagai alternatif struktur
  jaringan berdasarkan letak titik konversi sinyal
  optik (TKO)
• Struktur jaringan
• Fiber To The Building (FTTB)
• Fiber To The Curb (FTTC)
• Fiber To The Home (FTTH)

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Fiber To The Building (FTTB)
Distribution
Feeder
Existing Indoor Copper Cable
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable

• Aplikasi
• Pelanggan bisnis di gedung bertingkat
• Pelanggan di apartemen

Remote Terminal
Distance
0
Up to 20 km
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Fiber To The Curb (FTTC)
Copper cable
Distribution
Drop home run
Feeder
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
Aplikasi Pelanggan yang letaknya berkumpul di
satu area terbatas
Network Access Point
Distance
0
Up to 20 km
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Distribution
Feeder
Central Office
Optical Fiber Cable
Aplikasi All optical fiber access network
Network access point
Distance
0
Up to 20 km
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)
Central Office / Head End
Hybrid Node
Coaxial cable
Optical Fibers
Coaxial cable
Hybrid Node

• HFC adalah jaringan akses yang mengkombinasikan
  coaxial dan fiber optik
• Hybrid node mengkonversi sinyal optik menjadi
  sinyal elektris untuk ditransmisikan ke user
  terminal melalui kabel coaxial

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Konfigurasi HFC
Core network
Access network
Optical fiber cable
Coaxial cable
SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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Power Line Communication (PLC)

• Powerline Communication (PLC), also known as
  Broadband Over Powerline (BPL) is a technique for
  sending high speed data through existing
  powerline as transmission medium.
• PLC creates a high speed data communications
  network using the medium and low voltage electric
  distribution grids which connects consumers to
  the Internet through any electric socket in the
  consumers home.
• Powerline is the worlds largest existing wired
  infrastructure.

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PLC Technology
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Semester genap 2007-2008
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PLC Applications

• Broadband Services 
• High Speed Internet Access
• Voice Over IP
• Video Streaming
• Home Networking
• Home Automation
• Home Security Systems
• Telemedicine Applications
•  Utility Applications 
• Automatic Meter Reading
• Internal Communications
• Demand Side Management
• Load monitoring
• Security Monitoring

SM241013 - Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
Semester genap 2007-2008
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