Transport Systems

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Transport Systems

• Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16

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Learner Outcomes

• To compare the interactions among transport
  systems.
• To identify and describe the factors that alter
  the normal functions of transport systems.
• Identify how energy is processed and stored by
  the digestive system.
• Analyze the physical, chemical, and biological
  properties of transport systems.
• Analyze the effects of energy deficiencies in
  malabsorption disorders.
• Evaluate the cause and effect of aging, disease,
  and trauma on transport systems.
• To identify the role of transport systems in the
  carrying of materials and the process of waste
  disposal.

3
Concept Map

• In the middle of your page write the word Blood.
• Around that word, along the periphery of your
  page, write the 11 organ systems of the human
  body.
• Draw a line to connect each system to the blood.
  On each line write a way that blood connects to
  that system to help in the maintenance of
  homeostasis in the human body (although blood
  provides nutrients and gases and removes waste
  from each system, try to think beyond this
  function.)

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Cardiovascular System Blood

• Chapter 11

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Please observe this slide of human blood. What
general type of tissue is this classified as?
What are the two components that make up this
tissue? Name all of the cells that you can
identify in this slide.
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Blood is connective tissue that consists of two
parts plasma (liquid matrix) and the formed
elements (cells and cell fragments). The plasma
accounts for 55 of the total blood volume and
the formed elements are about 45 of the blood.
The total blood volume is about 4-5 L in females
and 5-6 L in males.
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Functions of the Blood

• Transportation O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes,
  hormones, precursors, and bacteria.
• Maintenance maintains homeostasis with hormones
  and enzymes, maintains pH between 7.35 and 7.45,
  electrolyte balances, temperature regulation,
  restoration and repair (blood clots).

• Protection Cells and chemical in the blood are
  important factors of the immune system. Blood
  clotting prevents excessive fluid loss.

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Blood Anatomy - Plasma

• 91 water and 9 proteins, ions, nutrients,
  gases, and waste products.
• Plasma Proteins
• 1) Albumin makes up 58 of the plasma proteins
  and it is important in the regulation of water
  movement between tissues and blood.

• 2) Globulins account for the other 38 of the
  plasma proteins. Some globulins functions as
  parts of the immune system and others function as
  transport molecules.
• 3) Fibrinogen is 4 of the plasma proteins and
  is responsible for the formation of blood clots.

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Blood Anatomy Formed Elements

• 95 erythrocytes or red blood cells.
• 5 leukocytes or white blood cells and platelets
  (thrombocytes).

• Leukocytes are classified into two categories
  based on the presence or absence of granules in
  the cytoplasm.
• GRANULOCYTES and AGRANULOCYTES

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• Hemopoesis or Hematopoesis is different in
  developing vs. mature humans
• In the embryo and fetus tissues such as the yolk
  sac, liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red
  bone marrow all contribute to blood formation.
• In the adult, hemopoiesis is confined to the red
  bone marrow with some assistance from the
  lymphoid tissue.

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All formed elements of the blood are derived from
a single population of stem cells called
hemocytoblasts. The differentiation of cells is
regulated by a specific growth factor.
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Hemopoiesis and Erythropoiesis.

• You will be assigned to trace and describe the
  formation and differentiation of Red Blood Cells
  (erythropoiesis), thrombocytes, or Leukocytes.
• As a group please diagram the life cycle of these
  cell types including the location of
  differentiation and what is happening at each
  stage to change the cell until it reaches
  maturity in the blood stream as either an
  erythrocyte, thrombocyte, or a leukocyte.
• Please also summarize each of the functions of
  the mature cells.
• Be prepared to report out on this information.

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Hemoglobin

• Consists of 4 protein chains and 4 heme groups.
• The protein is the globin and is bound to one
  heme, which is a red-pigment containing an atom
  of iron.
• The four globins in normal adult hemoglobin
  consists of two alpha chains and two beta chains.

• Abnormal hemoglobins are less effective at
  attracting oxygen than is normal hemoglobin.
  What disorder could this result in?
• Iron is needed for the normal function of
  hemoglobin due to the fact that it is the binding
  site for oxygen. How does that relate to the
  symptoms of the disorder identified above?

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Hemoglobin Continued

• Iron absorption is regulated according to need,
  and iron deficiency can result in anemia.
• When hemoglobin is exposed to oxygen, 1 molecule
  of oxygen becomes associated with each heme
  group.

• Carbon dioxide is also transported, but it
  attaches to the amino groups of the globin
  molecule.

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End of Day 1