Call for Fire

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Call for Fire
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Outline/Agenda
Elements of the Call for Fire Transmitting the
Call for Fire Calling it in! Examples Adjustment
s and Message to Observer OT Factor and Range
Spotting Adjusting the Rounds End of Mission
(EOM) Summary Questions
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Call for Fire Definition
A call for fire is a message prepared by an
observer. It has all the information needed to
deliver indirect fires on the target. Any soldier
in the platoon can request indirect fire support
by use of the call for fire
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Elements of The Call for Fire
1. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION 2. WARNING ORDER 3.
TARGET LOCATION 4. TARGET DESCRIPTION 5. METHOD
OF ENGAGEMENT 6. METHOD OF FIRE AND
CONTROL
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SLIDE 3
The Three Transmissions
1. OBSERVER IDENTIFICATION WARNING ORDER 2.
TARGET LOCATION 3. DESCRIPTION OF TARGET,
METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT, AND METHOD OF FIRE AND
CONTROL
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Observer ID/Warning Order

• FDC (Fire Support) this is C36 (You)

• Adjust Fire
• Fire for Effect
• Suppression

• Immediate Suppression
• Immediate Smoke

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Target Location

• Grid
• Grid (Ex EH 910736)
• Direction (Ex 180 deg or 3200 mils)
• mils are more accurate than degrees
• Use OT factor for adjustments
• Polar Plot
• Observers Location, Direction (OT)
• and Range, and Up/Down (Elevation)
• Shift from a Known Point
• Direction, Right/Left, Add/Drop,
• Up/Down (Elevation)

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SLIDE 7
Target Description / Snap
1. What the target is ( troops, equipment,
trucks). 2. What the target is doing (digging
in). 3. The number of elements in the target
(squad, platoon, three trucks). 4. Degree of
protection (in open, in foxhole). 5. The target
size and shape if significant.
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SLIDE 9
Method of Engagement

• Type Of Adjustments, Danger Close, Trajectory,
  Ammo,
• And Distribution
• If The Target Is Within 600 Meters Of Your
  Location Or
• The Location Of Friendly Troops, You Will
  Include Danger
• Close In Your Call For Fire
• Example
• Tank In The Open, Danger Close, Over

600 METERS
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Method Of Fire And Control

• At My Command
• Cannot Observe
• Time On Target
• Continuous Illumination
• Coordinated Illumination

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SLIDE 12
Situation 1
You have 2 tanks in the tree line at grid
AJ560812 Direction to the tanks is 155 degrees at
a distance of 2000 meters. Your call sign is
H99 and FDCis B39. Formulate your call for
fire. B39 THIS IS H99, ADJUST FIRE, OVER. GRID
AJ560812, OVER. DIRECTION 155 DEGREES. 2
TANKS IN TREE LINE,OVER.
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SLIDE 13
Situation 2
You have a squad of infantry soldiers moving
on your position at grid AK307998. They are
Northwest from your OP at about 500 meters. You
are N24 and FDC is R81. Formulate your call for
fire. R81 This Is N24, Adjust Fire, Over. Grid
AK307998, Direction NW, Over. Infantry Squad In
The Open, Danger Close, Over.
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SLIDE 14
Situation 3
You see a company assembly area in a valley. The
distance to the target 3000 meters at a
direction of 1730 mils. Your call sign G81 and
FDC is P66. Formulate your call for fire. P66
This Is G81, Adjust Fire, Over. Dir 1730, Dis
3000, Over. Company Assembly Area In The Open,
Over.
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SLIDE 15
Message To Observer
After FDC receives the call for fire, it
determines how the target will be attacked. The
decision is announced to the observer in the
form of a message to observer or MTO. The MTO
consists of 4 items
1. Units to fire 2. Changes to the call for
fire 3. Number of rounds 4. Target number
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Adjusting Phase
KEY ELEMENTS
1. The observer-target (OT) Factor 2.
Spotting 3. Corrections
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OT Factor
The OT factor is based on the distance from you
to the target and is used to compute
the correction that you are going to send to FDC.
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Computing the OT Factor
Distance to target 4200 meters Distance
expressed to the nearest thousand 4000 Divide
by 1000OT factor of 4
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SLIDE 20
Range Spotting
Over
Left
Right
Short
OT Line
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Deviation Spotting I
We can tell if the round is over or short of the
target but we must be able to correct left and
right to bring the round on the target. This can
be done two ways. First by using the Reticle
Pattern on the Binos.
This example shows that the round has impacted
50 mils to the left of the target
Do not send any corrections of 30 meters or
less!!!
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Deviation Spotting II
Second we can use hand Measurements
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Adjusting the Round

• The distance to the target is 4000 meters.
• OT factor is 4
• Round impacted 50 mils left of the target
• The correction is right 200

50(mils) x 4(OT) 200
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Range Corrections I
1st Correction add/drop 400 2nd
Correction add/drop 200 3rd Correction add/drop
100 4th Correction add/drop 50 Fire For Effect
You will most likely want to begin with a 400
meter bracket. This begins a Successive
bracket technique
OT Line
First we want to bracket the target by having one
round over and one round short. The first round
impacted over the target so the correction would
be DROP 400.
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Range Corrections II
OT Line
The second round impacted short of the target so
the correction would be ADD 200.
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Practical Exercise 1
The distance to the target 3400 meters The 1st
round impacted 40mils to the right of the Target
and long. What is your correction?
LEFT 120, DROP 400
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Practical Exercise 2
The distance to the target 3400 meters The 2nd
round impacted 10mils to the left of the Target
and short. What is your correction?
RIGHT 30, ADD 200
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Practical Exercise 3
The distance to the target 3400 meters The 3rd
round impacted on OT line and long target. What
is your correction?
DROP 100
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FFE Phase
Your 4th round has impacted and your
next correction will be add 50 FFE. You will now
get 6 to 8 rounds impacting on the target.
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At the completion of the FFE we must determine
what effects we had on the target and send an End
of Mission (EOM) to the FDC. Tell FDC what
happened. Example Tank burning, end of
mission, over.
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Summary

• We discussed the following
• Elements of the Call for Fire
• Transmitting the Call for Fire Calling it in!
• Examples
• Adjustments and Message to Observer
• OT Factor and Range Spotting
• Adjusting the Rounds
• End of Mission (EOM)

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Questions
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Garrison Operations Orders
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Types of Orders

• Operations Orders (OPORD)
• Garrison OPORD
• Tactical OPORD
• Warning Order (WARNO)
• Fragmentary Order (FRAGO)

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Unit Hierarchy and OPORD
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Characteristics of Garrison OPORDs

• Should be a story from start to finish
• Apply TLP
• Discuss implied, specified, and essential
  missions
• Detailed timeline
• Backwards planning 1/3 2/3
• Develop good priorities of work
• Task subordinates
• Supervise
• Rehearsals and back briefs
• Reconnaissance/unit movement
•     

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The Warning Order (WARNO)

• Preliminary Notice Heads up
• Facilitates Time Management
• Provides operational details
• Outlines key events for mission execution (focus
  on mission preparation)
• Detail dependent on
• The information and time available from the issue
  of the order to mission execution
• The information subordinate commanders need for
  proper planning and preparation

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Warning Order (WARNO)

• Time Provided ASAP after receipt of higher order
• Format
• No specific format -- Use the five paragraphs of
  the operations order as a guide
• Use unit SOP/checklists (or develop them)
• Necessary information in a WARNO
• The mission or nature of the operation
• Who is participating in the mission
• Time of the operation
• Tasks that unit must accomplish now (equipment,
  supplies, inspections and rehearsals) to prepare
• Time and place that to issue the operations order

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WARNO 5 Paragraph Format

• Situation--Brief description of the enemy and
  friendly situation
• Mission--Concise statement of the task and
  purpose
• Execution--Brief Statement of the tentative
  concept of the operation. Time Schedule, earliest
  time of move, inspection times, time and place of
  OPORD. Tasks to subordinate key personnel.
• Service support
• Command And Signal

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The Operations Order (OPORD)

• Directive issued to subordinate leaders,
  commanders,
• Information to effect execution of an operation
• Always specifies execution time and date
• Focus is on what to do, not how to do it
• Explains why the mission is important

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Operations Order- A Basic Outline (1 of 2)

• Situation
• Enemy Forces
• Friendly Forces
• Attachments and Detachments
• Mission
• Execution
• Concept of the Operation
• Maneuver
• Fires
• Tasks to Maneuver Units
• Tasks to Combat Support Units
• Coordinating Instructions

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Operations Order- A Basic Outline (2 of 2)

• Service Support
• General
• Material and Services
• Personnel
• Miscellaneous
• Command and Signal
• Command
• Signal

1. Supply
2. Transportation
3. Services
4. Maintenance
5. Medical Evacuations

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Situation

• Enemy Forces
• Not usually used in Garrison OPORD
• Terrain, Weather and Light Data
• Friendly Forces
• Statement of higher unit mission, intent, concept
  of operation
• Mission and action of units two levels up,
  left/right, front/rear.
• Attachments and Detachments
• Units or individuals
• Effective time period.

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Mission

• Clear concise statement of the task and purpose
• Contains the following information
• Who
• What
• When
• Where
• Why

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Execution

• The How To Information needed to accomplish the
  mission.
• Usually in five parts
• Concept of operation
• Maneuver
• Tasks to Maneuver units
• Coordinating instructions
• Detailed timeline
• Safety

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Concept of the Operation

• Commanders intent
• with desired end state
• Covers the entire
• mission
• General overview
• Done in phases

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Maneuver

• Is done in phases
• Goes into excruciating detail of each phase
• Should be a large portion of the brief
• Tasks to Maneuver Units
• Task all sub-units and attachments
• Task subordinates

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Coordinating Instructions

• Details of coordination between sub units
• Synchronization of sub units
• Movement instructions
• Order of march
• Detailed time schedule
• Written out visible
• Highlight hard times
• Safety
• Safety concerns from A to Z

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Service Support

• Materials and Services
• Supply all classes
• Transportation
• Services
• Maintenance
• MEDEVAC procedures and medical support
• Personnel Sick call procedures

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Command and Signal

• Location of key leaders
• Chain of command
• Frequencies
• Call signs
• Code words

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FRAGO

• Address only parts of the OPORD that change
  must be specific
• Uses the same sequence of the OPORD
• A brief outline of the changes and instructions

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Troop Leading Procedures and OPORDs

• Receive the mission
• Issue a warning order WARNO
• Make a tentative plan
• Start necessary movement
• Reconnoiter
• Complete the plan OPORD
• Issue the complete order OPORD Brief
• Supervise FRAGO

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Questions?