Human Trafficking from Latin America and the Caribbean to Western Europe -- Victim Estimates

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Human Trafficking from Latin America and the
Caribbean to Western Europe -- Victim Estimates

• Monday, October 25, 2004
• IOM Conference
• Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

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Organization of American States?Organización de
los Estados Americanos
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OAS Anti-TIP Coordinator Priorities
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• 1. Foster National Action by Governments
• 2. Advance Effective Best Practices
• 3. Help Implement OAS Projects and Training
• 4. Improve Cooperation with Governments
  outside the Western Hemisphere

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Survey of Information on Latin American and
Caribbean TIP Victims in certain European
countries
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• Switzerland Austria
• Germany The Netherlands
• Italy France

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Switzerland
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Swiss Government TIP Data Victims Accused
Traffickers 1997 71
81 1998 69 119 1999
88 138 2000 75 105
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Switzerland
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• Swiss NGO Data on Latin American Victims
• 21 victims (26 of its victims were from Latin
  America)
• NGO and press reports indicate a strong presence
  form Brazil, Colombia and Dominican Republic

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Switzerland
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Switzerland
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Swiss Governments Estimates of TIP Victims The
2002 Swiss Federal Report on crime estimates that
1,500 to 3,000 illegal foreign prostitutes could
be victims of TIP. The 2001 estimate was 2,200
to 3,700.
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Switzerland
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Police estimate 14,000 Women in Prostitution
• NGO Estimated Number of Foreign Women in
  Prostitution 2,000 - 4,000
• Estimated Number of Latin Women in Prostitution
  
• 500 - 2,000
• (Note No clear data on Forced Labor)

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Switzerland
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• Legal Residents from Latin America
• Brazilians -- 10,272 (7,465 women, 73)
• Colombians -- 3,610 (2,336 women, 65)
• Dominicans -- 5,257 (3,705 women, 70)
• Latin American and Caribbean Totals
• 36,587 (23,438 women, 64)

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Switzerland
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Swiss Government Issues Artist Visas 1,800
women had artist visas (year 2001) Brazilians
(115) and Dominicans (212) were among the leading
holders of these visas
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Austria
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• Austrian Government Data on TIP Victims and
  Traffickers
• 2003 -- 236 (233 women) victims identified
• 2003 -- 214 Traffickers arrested
• 2002 -- 168 Traffickers arrested

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Austria
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• Austrian NGO TIP Data related to the LAC Region
• 2003 -- assisted 415 women, many from DR,
  Venezuela, Chile
• 2002 -- assisted 208 women
• 2001 -- assisted 183 women

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Austria
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Estimated Number of Foreign Women in
  Prostitution 5,000 to 17,000
• Estimated Number of Latin American or Caribbean
  Women in Prostitution
• 500 to 2,000
• (Note No data on Forced Labor)

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Austria
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Austrian Government Issues Artist Visas In
2002, the government issued 919 artist visas. It
is unknown how many were issued to LAC nationals.
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Austria
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• Legal Migration Data
• 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
• DR 148 120 134 108 191
  259
• Brazil 219 250 273 305 321
  345
• Colombia 51 78 65 107 102
  98

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Austria
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• Official Legal residents
• Brazil -- 1,409
• Dominican Republic -- 1,293

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Germany
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• German Government TIP Data related to the LAC
  Region
• 2000 -- 16 victims (5 traffickers)
• 2001 -- 24 victims (3 traffickers)
• 2002 -- 11 victims (4 traffickers)
• 2003 -- 16 victims (5 traffickers)

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Germany
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• German NGOs TIP Data related to the LAC Region
• In 1999 -- 80 Victims (Official Victims 8)
• In 2000 -- 80 Victims (Official Victims 16)
• In 2001 -- 99 Victims (Official Victims 24)

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Germany
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Estimated Number of Foreign Women in
  Prostitution 30,000 - 150,000
• Estimated Number of Latin American Women in
  Prostitution 3,000 - 15,000
• (Note No clear data on Forced Labor)

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Germany
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Germany
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• Legal Residents from Latin America
• Brazilians -- 25,844 (18,869 women, 73)
• Argentines -- 6,543 (3,560 women, 55)
• Colombians -- 7,964

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The Netherlands
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• Dutch Government TIP Data related to the LAC
  Region
• 1995 19 victims (12 of total victims)
• 1996 5 victims (4)
• 1997 10 victims (6)
• 1998 6 victims (24)
• 1999 11 victims (15)
• 2000 7 victims (2)
• 2001 3 victims (1)

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The Netherlands
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• Dutch Governments Estimates of TIP Victims
• The Bureau of the Dutch National Rapporteur on
  Human Trafficking estimates that each year 3,500
  women become victims of trafficking in the
  Netherlands.

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The Netherlands
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• Residency Status Granted to Foreign TIP Victims
  from Latin American and Caribbean (1996-2002)
• 14 Applications (2 of total)
• 10 Granted ( 2 of total)
• At least 30 Latin Americans labor TIP victims
  are being rehabilitated in an NGO

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The Netherlands
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• NGO Estimated Number of Foreign Women in
  Prostitution 13,000 - 20,000
• Estimated Number of Latin and Caribbean Women
  in Prostitution 1,300 - 2,000

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Italy
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• Italian Government TIP Data on Victims from Latin
  America
• Colombians 124 (mainly working as prostitutes
  on the streets) 2.1 of all victims of year
  2001.

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Italy
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Estimated Number of Foreign Women in
  Prostitution 15,000 - 20,000
• Estimated Number of Latin American Women in
  Prostitution ??
• (Note No clear data on Forced Labor)

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Italy
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Repatriations and Denied Entries (Jan. - Oct.
  2003)
• South American 2,265
• Ecuador 649
• Brazil 573
• Colombia 425
• Peru 211
• Bolivia 158
• Venezuela 86

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Italy
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• Persons Vulnerable to TIP
• Repatriations and Denied Entries (Jan. - Oct.
  2003)
• Caribbean and Central America 274
• Dominican Republic 133
• Cuba 74
• Jamaica 14
• Others 53

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France
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• French Government TIP Data
• 2003 900 Victims
• TIP Arrests
• 2000 472 Traffickers
• 2001 466 Traffickers
• 2002 643 Traffickers
• 2003 709 Traffickers

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France
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• French Government TIP Data related to the LAC
  Region (year 2003)
• 26 Total Victims (21 women 5 men 2.2 of all)
• Brazil 9 Ecuador 6 Colombia 2
• Peru 2 Venezuela 3 Argentina 1
• Chile 1 Guyana 1 Cuba 1

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Conclusions and Observations
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• Latin Americans and Caribbean constitute a
  significant minority of TIP victims in Western
  Europe and with steady migration this is likely
  to continue.
• Most victims come from
• Brazil
• Colombia
• Dominican Republic
• Growing numbers come from Ecuador and Peru.
• Many European governments admit a significant
  number of victims remain unidentified.

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Conclusions and Observations
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• High number of traffickers arrested to victims
  found.
• Complicated residency and employment laws in most
  European countries mean most LAC women in
  prostitution are working illegally and
  vulnerable.
• So-called Artist visas often create TIP
  vulnerability.

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Conclusions and Observations
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• European institutions -- the EU, the OSCE and
  national governments -- are focused mainly on TIP
  from Eastern European source countries.
• The LAC region needs to work with the Europeans
  to improve anti-TIP information exchange and find
  more opportunities for partnership.

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• Thank you for your attention.