Biomechanics of Jumping and Throwing

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Biomechanics of Jumping and Throwing

• 7/8 PETrack and Field Unit
• 2nd Semester

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What is Biomechanics?

• Biomechanics refers to the way our muscles,
  bones, and joints work together as we move.

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Description of human motion

• Body is a system of levers.
• A lever has a fulcrum (axis of rotation), an
  effort and effort arm, a resistance and a
  resistance arm.
• The effort and resistance arms are usually the
  bones of the skeleton, and the fulcra are usually
  the joints of the skeleton.

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Center of Gravity

• The center of gravity is the theoretical point
  where all the body weight is concentrated or the
  theoretical point about which the body weight is
  evenly distributed.

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Force

• Forces produce movement
• Force is a pull or push
• Internal force is created inside the athletes
  bodymuscles pulling on bones
• External forces are applied to the bodygravity,
  friction

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Horizontal Jump-Long Jump

• 4 phases Approach run, takeoff, flight, landing
• Acceleration leads to stronger vertical take-off
• Kick forward
• COG is forward on landing-knees flexed

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Horizontal Jump-Triple Jump

• Triple jump has additional motions
• Approach
• Hop (same foot)
• Step (opposite feet)
• Jump (take off on one foot, land on two)

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Vertical Jump-High Jump

• Three phases Run-up, takeoff, flight/bar
  clearance
• Curved approach to the bar
• Push on the ground for takeoff
• Twisting somersault over the bar (Bring COG as
  high as possible)

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Throwing-Shotput

• Glide technique has a short-long rhythm
• Knee bent (same as hand holding put)
• Glide back (3 steps total)
• Plant opposite foot
• Turn torso (torque force)
• Release at 40-45 degree
• angle

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Additional jumps and throws

• Hurdles combination of running and jumping (at
  least at lower levels)
• Discus throwing
• Hammer throwing

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References

• Bergemann, B. (2009). EXER 553 BIOMECHANICS for
  Coaches and Physical Educators PPT. Retrieved
  from http//www.campbell.edu/faculty/bergemann/553
  -01_files/frame.htmslide0015.htm
• From IAAF Introduction to Coaching Theory.
  (2009). Biomechanics. Retrieved from
  http//www.coachr.org/biomechanics.htm
• Ismail, S. (2009). Biomechanics of Jumps in Track
  and Field. Retrieved from http//www.medic.usm.my/
  ssu/ARTICLES/article_35.htm
• Bartonietz, K. (2009). Rotational shot put
  technique Biomechanic findings and
  recommendations for training. Retrieved from
  http//www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Spo
  rt20Science/Biomechanics/Throwing20Events/Shot2
  0Put/Bartonietz20Rotational20SP20Technique20Bi
  omechanic20Findings20and20Recommendations20for
  20Training.pdf
• Teaching of Gymnastics Stability and balance.
  (2009). Retrieved from http//www.emunix.emich.edu
  /wwitten/COFG.htm