What is Crime?

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What is Crime?

• Criminal Justice Unit

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Quote

• "One important key to success is self-confidence.
  An important key to self- confidence is
  preparation." Arthur Ash
• 1. What does this quote mean?
• 2. How important is self-confidence when someone
  is successful?
• 3. How confident do you feel when you are
  prepared for a test, game, or routine?

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Vocabulary

• Public Order Crime-Behavior that is criminal
  because it
• is contrary to shared social values and beliefs.
• High Tech Crimes-Computer crimes (internet)
• Organized Crime-group of persons engaged in
  illegal goods
• or services, such as illicit drugs or firearms.
• Property Crime-Crimes committed against property,
  
• including theft, burglary, and arson.
• Violent Crime-Crimes committed against persons,
  including
• murder, rape, assault and battery, and robbery.
• White-Collar Crime-Nonviolent crimes committed by
• corporations and individuals to gain a personal
  or business
• advantage.

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WHAT IS CRIME? (CJ) p 25
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Crime

• A wrong against society established by law
• Punishable by law under right circumstances

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Societies

• Do societies change?
• What can cause these changes?
• Norms vary, interpretation, and change
• Different societies different standards.

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Singapore
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Consensus Model

• Citizens in society share the same values and
  beliefs
• Agreement
• Criminal actsacts against the societies beliefs

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Euthanasia
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Conflict Model

• Laws and crimes are established by groups of
  people who gain power
• If one group gains power they make the other
  groups conform to their beliefs
• Constant struggle

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Compromise

• Punishable under criminal law
• Offense against society as a whole and prosecuted
  by public officials
• Punishable by statues for the loss of personal
  freedom or life

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Crime

• Punishable by law
• Offense against society
• Loss of money, freedom, or life

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Types of Crimes

• Violent Crimes
• Property
• Public Order
• White-collar
• Organized
• High Tech

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Violent Crime

• Against a person
• Four categoriesMurder, Sexual assault or rape,
  Assault and battery, and robbery
• Some are more serious than others

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Property Crimes

• Most common form of crime
• Economic gain or damaging property

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Public Order Crime

• Laws that are made against shared beliefs or
  norms
• Usually victimless

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White Collar Crime

• Business-related crimes
• Crime committed to obtain a business advantage
• ExamplesCredit Card Fraud, Insurance Fraud,
  Bribery, Tax Evasion, Consumer fraud

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Organized Crime

• Illegal acts by illegal organizations
• Supplies public demand for unlawful goods
• Criminal tactics
• Gambling, Prostitution, drugs

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High Tech Crime

• Crimes committed over the internet
• Soliciting minors, defrauding consumer, and theft
  of data

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Questions for you

• Public drunkenness, prostitution, and gambling
  are examples of public order crimes. T/F
• Sarah picks up a baseball bat and tells Stefan
  that she is going to smash him over the head with
  it. Sarah can be arrested for the violent crime
  of ________.

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More Questions

• Tax Evasion is a crime mostly committed by
  Organized Criminals. T/F
• White collar crimes happen in the _______________
  word.

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Critical Thinking

• Listen to the scenario (Page 20)
• Which side would you support? Why?
• Think about your community. What is the number
  one crime problem in your community?
• List some ways of dealing with these problems.
• What would be some cost-effective ways of dealing
  with the crime?

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Who?

• Gender
• Race
• Age
• Religion
• Community
• Region
• Education
• Income

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Criminal Justice System
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Vocabulary

• Discretion--the ability of individuals in the
  criminal justice system to make decisions based
  on personal judgment instead of formal rules or
  official information.
• Federalisma form of govt that provides for a
  division of powers between a central government
  and several regional governments.
• Felonya serious crime punishable by death or by
  imprisonment for more than a year.
• Misdemeanorany crime that is not a felony
  punishable by a fine or by confinement for up to
  a year.
• Wedding Cake Model-a model that details why
  certain cases receive more attention than others

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Vocabulary Cont

• Crime Control Modelthe control of
• criminal behavior is the most important
• function of criminal justice.
• Due Process Modelthe principal goal of
• criminal justice is at least as much to protect
• the innocent as it is to convict the guilty.
• Terrorism--the use or threat of violence to
  achieve
• political objectives.

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Federalism

• Governmental powers are shared on the state and
  federal level
• State Power V Federal Power
• Federal govtMoney, raise an army, and regulate
  interstate commerce
• State govpolice power, enact laws to protect the
  health, morals, safety and welfare of the people

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Law Enforcement

• Different levels as whole (local, state, federal)
  cooperate if the need arises
• Jurisdiction

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Local Police

• County and City
• County Sheriff
• County policeChief of police
• Heart beat of law enforcement in the country
• Responsibilityinvestigate crime, deter crime,
  apprehend criminals, trial proceedings. (Keep
  the peace)

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State Police

• State Police and State Patrols
• State Patrols infractions on the highways and
  local assistance in poor areas
• GBI, DNR

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Federal Police

• Increasing in sizegun drug and violence crime
  laws
• FBI, DEA, Secret Service, ATF, Homeland security

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The Courts

• Dual Court systemfederal and state (independent)
  
• Federal courtsdistrict courts, circuit
  (appeals), Supreme Court
• State level- trial courts, court of appeals, and
  state Supreme Courts

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Corrections

• Probation, incarceration, or community based
  facilities
• Probationmost common treatment
• IncarcerationJailsPrisons.
• Community based corrections

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Criminal Justice System

• On the outside a system should mean order and
  discipline
• Formal and informal system

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Formal Process

• Routine steps toward an outcome
• Your turn to teach
• Step 1Entry into the System
• Step 2Prosecution and Pre-trial Services
• Step 3Adjudication
• Step 4Sentencing and Sanctions
• Step 5Corrections

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Instructions

• 1. In groups of 5 or 6, your job as a group is
  to read your assigned step and summarize each
  bullet for the class
• 2. Using an index card, your group will summarize
  each bullet and present your section to the class
• 3. Place the cards in order and present your
  steps to the class

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Informal Process

• Each step is the result of
• decisions made by people in
• the CJS
• Discretionability of people
• to make decisions based
• on judgment instead of
• formal rules or official
• information
• Pressure CookerUsing a
• limited amount of money

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Why is it informal?

• 1. Not enough money to convict every crime
• 2. A decision has to be made about what crimes
  to prosecute
• 3. Overcrowding in the jails and prisons affect
  decisions

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Is this a good or bad way?

• Steps
• Policedecide who to arrest
• Prosecutorsdecide who to prosecute
• Magistrate judgesdetermine if there is PC to go
  to
• trial
• Judgesdecide sentencing
• Weak cases or police errors factor in the
  decision (so
• politics)
• Is this a bad way or a good way to provide
  citizens with a solid CJS system?

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Wedding Cake Model

• Celebrated Cases
• Serious or high profile
• Less serious or ordinary felonies
• Misdemeanors

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Celebrated Cases

• Most scrutiny and media attention
• What are some examples?
• Meet our standards the most

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High profile felonies

• Felony is a serious crime
• punishable by death or
• by imprisonment more
• than one year
• What are some
• examples?
• Mostly go to trial

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Ordinary Felonies

• Less violent crimes
• Often do not see full formal process of a trial

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Misdemeanors

• Crimes less serious than felonies
• One year or less
• Petty offense (75) of all arrest made by police

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Questions for You

• How safe do you feel in your neighborhood?
• How safe do you feel at school?
• How do you think the media portrays crime?
• Has anyone in your family been a victim of a
  crime?

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Values of the CJS

• Which one do you believe in the most?

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Crime Control Model

• A model of criminal justice that assumes
• freedom is so important that every effort must
• be made to reduce crime so things like
• efficiency, speed and finality are emphasized.
• The system must have a high capacity to
• catch, convict and dispose of offenders.

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Due Process Model

• A different model of the criminal justice
• system that assumes freedom is so important
• that every effort must be made to ensure the
• decisions are fair and reliable based on law
• and formal proceedings

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Crime Control Versus Due Process

• Crime Control Model
• Deter crime
• Protect citizens from crime
• Incapacitate criminals
• Provide quick and efficient justice
• Due Process Model
• Protect the individual against the immense power
  of the state
• Rehabilitate those convicted of crimes

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Crime Control Favored Policies

• Crime Control Model
• More police
• More jails and prisons
• Harsher penalties (including increased use of the
  death penalty) and longer sentences

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Due Process Model Favored Policies

• Open the process to scrutiny by the media and
  public
• Abolish the death penalty
• Limit police powers
• Limit discretion and formalize procedures
• Increase funding for rehabilitation and education
  in prisons and jails

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Views of Criminality

• Crime Control Model
• Wrongdoers are responsible for their own actions
• Wrongdoers have violated the social contract and
• can therefore be deprived of many of the rights
• afforded to law-abiding citizens

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Due Process Model

• Criminal behavior can be attributed to social and
• biological factors
• Criminals can be rehabilitated and returned to
  the community

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Question for you

• Which model do you agree with the most?
• Crime Control or Due Process?
• Take a minute or two to think about which
• one you agree with and write your answer
• down

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Terrorism

• Where were you on Sept 11, 2001?
• What were your parents like on that day?
• How did the events effect you?
• How safe and secure do you feel after the event
  happened?
• Do you think it will happen again soon?

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USS COLE 2000
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What is Terrorism?

• Terrorism in the modern sense is violence or
  other harmful acts committed (or threatened)
  against civilians for religious, political or
  other ideological goals
• Remember the phrase RIP

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How 9/11 turned the CJS around

• The criminal justice system arrested and tried
  terrorists in the 1993 World Trade Center
  bombing.
• The scope of the attack of September 11, 2001,
  was too great for traditional response.
• Brought this problem to the US

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New Directions in Law Enforcement

• Law Enforcement are turning to these strategies
  to prevent and fight terrorism
• Cooperation
• Globalization
• Militarization

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To Protect and Serve

• 9/11 shifted the emphasis to protecting citizens
• What are the most critical things people should
  be doing right now to address the issue of
  terrorism?
• Regular citizens, parents, schools, youth,
  government officials, world leaders,
• What do you think are the biggest challenges
  before us?
• What do you hope will happen? Why?

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Department of Homeland Security

• Created after 9/11
• Primary mission is to protect the American people
  and their homeland
• Unifies border and transportation security
  agencies
• Further coordinates a network of disaster
  response capabilities
• Protects Americas critical infrastructure and
• Joins research and development efforts to detect
  and counter potential terrorist attacks.

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What freedoms do you think the nation would be
willing to give up to prevent such attacks in the
future?
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Break Time (5 minutes)
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Patriot Act

• Creates crime of domestic terrorism.
• Expands definition of terrorist activity.
• Permits easier detention and removal of
  non-citizens.
• Gives law enforcement greater ability to use
• surveillance
• wiretaps
• searches
• tracking Internet use
• access or private records
• Lowers level of suspicion needed to arrest
  terrorism suspect.

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What do you think?

• Read the article on the Criminal Justice and the
  War against terrorism
• Based on the reading of the article (T,P,S)
• What do you value more, freedom or security?
• How much power do you think the federal should
  have to intrude on your privacy?
• Do you think the Patriot Act is necessary or not
  necessary to combat terrorism?
• Do you think terrorism is a real threat or not a
  threat to your personal safety today?
• What do you think will happen in the future?