The Effective Scientific Presentation

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The Effective Scientific Presentation

• Blake Papsin

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Introduction

• goals
• connect with your audience
• direct and hold attention
• promote understanding and memory
• psychological principles

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Introduction

• interpose perceptual and cognitive psychology
• i.e. figure/ground
• viewer extracts
  this way
• presenter presents
  this way

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Visual Attention

• saccades scan visual environment
• many factors involved
• industry knows this
• motivation important

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Visual Attention

• saccades scan visual environment
• many factors involved
• industry knows this
• motivation important

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Presentation Goals and Underlying Principles

• connect
• principle of relevance
• principle of appropriate knowledge
• direct and hold attention
• principle of salience
• principle of discriminability
• principle of perceptual organization

• promote understanding and memory
• principle of compatibility
• principle of informative changes
• principle of capacity limitations

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Principle of Relevance

• enough information to transfer the message
• figure in relation to ground
• cognitive dissonance
• not all the work you did!

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Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear
Anatomy

• we implanted normal children for 5 years
• mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev. 2.34, range 3.54-9.32)
• 64 males62 females
• 7.6 complication rate (3.2 major, 4.4 minor)
• one device type in all but 4
• other medical illness in 17 (one had IDDM)
• 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently
  determined to be connexin mutations

Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC
Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear
implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and
Otology 1997 1.11 pp 240-244 deJong A,
Nedzelski J, Papsin BC Surgical outcomes of
paediatric cochlear implantation The Hospital
for Sick Children's experience. Journal of
Otolaryngology 1998 27(1) pp 26-30. Gysin C,
Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J Surgical outcome
after paediatric cochlear implantation
Diminution of complications with the evolution of
new surgical techniques. Journal of
Otolaryngology 2000 29(5) pp 285-289.
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Principle of Appropriate Knowledge

• identify you audience
• build on their prior knowledge
• jargon
• short forms
• attach to known concepts
• expand from known to unknown

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Cochleovestibular Anomalies

• 103 (35) of implanted children had anom.
  cochleovestibular anatomy

bilateral sequential straight electode cc
deformity
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Principle of Salience

• attention drawn to large perceptual changes
• size, colour, motion, brightness
• superior colliculus attentional reflex
  (shifting attention develops later)
• relative to other elements
• works with pitch and loudness too

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Principle of Salience

• when you read THIS, this is salient
• but
• WHEN YOU READ THIS, THIS IS NO LONGER SALIENT

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Principle of Salience

• when you read THIS, this is salient
• but
• WHEN YOU READ THIS, THIS IS NO LONGER SALIENT

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• .....suppose I am trying desperately to get you
  to want to understand information essential to
  the concept being presented...tell me what would
  be the best way you would try to pull information
  from a series of data points and form a story.

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• .....suppose I am trying desperately to get you
  to want to understand information essential to
  the concept being presented...tell me what would
  be the best way you would try to pull information
  from a series of data points and form a story.

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Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular
Anomaly
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Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular
Anomaly
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Principle of Discriminability

• two properties must differ by a large enough
  proportion or they will not be distinguished
• lateral inhibition
• increases contrast perceive edges

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Lateral Inhibition

• the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the
  activity of its neighbours
• sharpens edges

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Lateral Inhibition (White Illusion)
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Salience vs. Discriminability
Barcelona Bologna score
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Salience vs. Discriminability
Barcelona Bologna score
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Salience vs. Discriminability
Barcelona Bologna score
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Speech Perception Tests in Anomalous Cochleae
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Principle of Perceptual Organization

• humans group elements into units
• increase capacity/enhance memory
• group elements/group concepts
• laws of grouping
• psychological and perceptual

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Psychological Grouping Laws

• proximity
• similarity
• continuation
• good form
• common fate

• XXX XXX
• vs.
• XX XX XX

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Psychological Grouping Laws

• proximity
• similarity
• continuation
• good form
• common fate

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Psychological Grouping Laws

• proximity
• similarity
• continuation
• good form
• common fate

vs.
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Pediatric BAHA
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Inter-Stage Interval and Age
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Psychological Grouping Laws

• proximity
• similarity
• continuation
• good form
• common fate

• _ _
• vs.
• _ _

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Psychological Grouping Laws

• proximity
• similarity
• continuation
• good form
• common fate

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GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base
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GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base
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Principle of Compatibility

• message is easiest to understand if its form is
  compatible with its meaning
• images/text support each other
• common sense

• large
• SMALL

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(No Transcript)
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Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss
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Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss
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Percentage of Vote for Political Parties by State
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Flow Diagram for Investigating SNHL in Children
refer to ENT
ABR if failed
audiology prescribes hearing aids
OAE testing
identify child
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Principle of Informative Changes

• changes in properties carry information
• colour consistency
• animation (sounds)
• information without meaning distraction
• minimize ambiguity

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Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear
Anatomy

• we implanted normal children for 5 years
• mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev. 2.34, range 3.54-9.32)
• 64 males62 females
• 7.6 complication rate (3.2 major, 4.4 minor)
• one device type in all but 4
• other medical illness in 17 (one had IDDM)
• 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently
  determined to be connexin mutations

Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC
Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear
implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and
Otology 1997 1.11 pp 240-244 deJong A,
Nedzelski J, Papsin BC Surgical outcomes of
paediatric cochlear implantation The Hospital
for Sick Children's experience. Journal of
Otolaryngology 1998 27(1) pp 26-30. Gysin C,
Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J Surgical outcome
after paediatric cochlear implantation
Diminution of complications with the evolution of
new surgical techniques. Journal of
Otolaryngology 2000 29(5) pp 285-289.
43
Age at diagnosis, by severity route to
diagnosis (N613 with HAs)
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Principle of Capacity Limitations

• limited capacity to retain and process
  information
• four units is ideal
• chunking (automating)
• first and last best retained
• too much work to decipher lost attention

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Short Term Memory
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Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular
Anomaly
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Special Considerations - Colour

• not a linear growth
• colour blindness
• 8 of males, 0.5 of females

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• We wanted to study our group of children with
  abnormal cochleae and see if they do as well as
  normal children

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Special Considerations - Colour

• circular not linear
• use colours well separated
• avoid red/blue
• avoid red/green
• warm colours to the foreground

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Conclusions

• anomalous cochleae
• many varieties
• comparable outcome
• associated with
• increased surgical challenge
• higher rate of complication

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Conclusions

• anomalous cochleae
• many varieties
• comparable outcome
• associated with
• increased surgical challenge
• higher rate of complication

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Special Considerations

• make sure movies work
• know your dais (pointer, slide advancer etc.)
• watch your time
• pace your talk
• tell a story