NGOs: The Bad

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NGOs The Bad

• Terrorism

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Terrorism is not Foreign
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Terrorism is Not New King David Hotel 1946
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Terrorism Comes from Every Political Ideology

• Left ALF Right Aryan Nation
• Ethno-nationalist Religious

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Aum Shinrikyo Chemical Weapon Attack March 20,
1995

• Asahara Shoko

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Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995Timothy McVeigh

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World Trade Centers Towers, NYC9/11/2001
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Pentagon9/11/2001
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Defining Terrorism

1. Terrorism is Political
2. Political agenda
3. Terrorism is strategy coercion
4. Use of violence to further political agenda
5. To show power to make an audience listen
6. Terrorism is a weapon of the weak

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The Logic at Work Spain 2004

• Spain supports US in Iraq
• Peoples Party in favor of Spanish intervention
• Socialist Workers Party wants to withdraw
• AQ warns Spain to leave or face reprisal
• Parliamentary elections on 3/14
• PP favored

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Madrid Bombing, March 11, 2004
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Terrorist Needs

• Technology
• Information on targets
• Ability to access targets travel
• Organization
• Method to publicize message
• Method to recruit
• Impact of Globalization?

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AQAM Ideology

• Salafists (pure Islam)
• Anti-American
• Anti-western
• Anti-colonial (resistance or defense)
• End separation of Church and state
• No pluralism in Islam
• Anti-nation-state
• Rebuild the Caliphate
• Anti-Democracy

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Origins of AQ
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Why is AQ Important?

• Non-state actor with strategic goals
• Non-state actor with global power projection
• Network-based organization
• Ideology that can spread, but has limits
• Willingness to challenge great powers
• Why attacks powerful nations?

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AQ is Clear About Goals(for reference)

• 1996 fatwa
• 1998 fatwa
• Al-Qaeda Training Manual (Manchester Manual)
• Bin-Laden videos
• Abu Bakr Naji, Osama bin-Laden
  Ayman al-Zawahiri
• The Management of
• Savagery
• Militant Ideology Atlas
• (Combating Terrorism Center)

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Strategic Goal Restore the Caliphate

• From al-Qaeda The Many Faces of an Islamist
  Extremist Threat, REPORT OF THE U.S. HOUSE
  PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE , JUNE
  2006

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AQI/ISIS Leaders

• Abu Musab al-Zarqawi Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

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Evolution of ISIS

• Several groups in Iraq
• 1999
• AQ in Iraq (Joins AQ network)
  2004
• Islamic State of Iraq (AQ regional
  franchise) 2006
• ISIS 2011 (AQ Franchise)
• 2011 ISIS Moves to Syria
• ISIS splits from AQ 2014

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Syria 2017
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Politics, not Religion

• Important
• This does not represent the average Muslim
• Timothy McVeigh was not the average Christian
• AQ is a far greater threat to Muslims than to
  Americans
• This is a political movement that uses a twisted
  version of Islam