The Founding of Georgia

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The Founding of Georgia

• The 13th and colony furthest south

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THOUGHT QUESTION

• WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES?
• DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR
  WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?

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PRISON REFORM

• Unemployment severe in England
• people owed money - debts
• Debtors put in prison
• horrible prison conditions

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• James Oglethorpe

• Founder of Georgia
• Elected to Parliament at 25
• Wealthy philanthropist
• Solve the problems of debtors in prison
• Got permission from King George II to make a
  colony in America for debtors to start a new
  life.

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Oglethorpe Reacts

• James Oglethorpe wanted to help because
• JOs friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in
  prison

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King George II Charter

• Georgia Created
• By a charter- written permission from the King to
  settle land

• Oglethorpe and John Percival are given a charter
  to create Georgia named after King George II
• Colony a settlement in a new land but still has
  ties to the home country.
• Charter signed June 20, 1732
• Charter set up boundaries
• Limited power of officials

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Charter continued

• Set up government
• Listed the rights of settlers

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Georgias three purposes

• Charity Get rid of poverty and unemployment

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REASON 2

• Economics Increase Britain's trade and wealth
• Plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to
  England to make fancy clothes

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REASON 3

• Defense Buffer/protect South Carolina from
  attack by Spanish in Florida.

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Unofficial Purpose

• Religion Home for Protestants being persecuted
  in England
• Catholics not allowed- WHY?

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Geography

• Georgias Boundaries

• Georgia is in between the Altamaha and Savannah
  River. Continues to the west coast (California).
• Boundaries
• NorthSavannah R
• South Altamaha R
• E Atlantic Ocean
• W Pacific Ocean

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Charter

• Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen run the
  colony for 21 years (21 for 21)
• .

• Georgia as a Trustee Colony

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Charter

• Charter of 1732 made rules for trustees
• 1. not paid
• 2. could not own land
• 3. could not hold public office

• RULES FOR THE TRUSTEES

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• HOW DID OGLETHORPE PLAN ON KEEPING GEORGIA A
  MODEL SOCIETY?

• BAN ON SLAVERY
• BANNED LIQUOR/RUM
• LAWYERS NOT ALLOWED
• LIMITED WHO COULD OWN LAND

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Exit/Review Questions

• 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create
  Georgia?
• 2. What are the three reasons and the one
  unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?
• 3. What is a buffer?
• 4. What religious group could you not be apart
  of to live in Georgia?
• 5. How far did the original western border of
  Georgia stretch to?

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WHO ACTUALLY CAME TO THE COLONY OF GEORGIA?

• Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants
  and trade people
• Families received free land, weapons, tools and
  had to live under trustee rules

• Who would settle in Georgia?
• 35 families selected
• No debtors selected

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Colonists Rules

• 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land
  belonged only to men)
• 2. No slavery
• 3. No rum and hard liquors
• 4. Must defend the colony against all enemies.
• 5. Obey all rules and regulations the Trustees
  set up.

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When Colonists came to Georgia

• The First Colonists Sail to Georgia on
• Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the
  ship the Ann (almost spelled Anne)

• February 12,1733 Colonists arrive at Yamacraw
  Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived
  there

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MARY MUSGROVE

• 1 Of most important people in Ga. History- served
  as translator for Chief Tomochichi Oglethorpe
• Georgia colony built near John Mary Musgroves
  trading post

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• Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
• Welcomed Oglethorpe and English
• Allowed them to build town WHY?

• Tomochichi
• Georgia Day

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Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to
settle on Yamacraw Bluff?

• READ PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS The Yamacraw
  Indians had become dependent on English goods and
  they had to travel to the South Carolina colony
  to get them. If a new English colony was built,
  it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.

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Exit Questions

• 1. What is a trustee?
• 2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?
• 3. Did any debtors sent to the colonies?
• 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to
  settle?
• 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgias
  settlement?

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Georgias First Settlement

• Georgias First settlement

• Settlement named Savannah after the river.
• Laid out in a series of squares
• First planned city in America

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• Growing Pains

• Colonists complain about trustee regulations

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Disease and Hardship

• Heat and disease hurt the colonists
• Caught dysentery from the Savannah River
• The only Doctor died two months after the colony
  started (April of 1733)
• first year, 25 of the colonists died from the
  hardships

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• Recovery of the Colony
• dig a well, stopping the dysentery
• More colonists arrive to replace those that died
• Very diverse Germans, Italians, Swiss, and
  Jewish settlers By the end of the first year,
  over 50 houses and public buildings had been built

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Jimmy Does it Again

• James Oglethorpe was an admired member of the
  colony
• Lived in a tent until all other colonists were
  provided houses
• Visited the sick colonists
• Worked hard in the fields with the other people

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Oglethorpe in the Middle

• James O was in a bind
• When he enforced the rules, colonists complained
• When he didnt, the trustees complained
• Had to play a balance game between the two

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Oglethorpe in the Middle

• Colonists did not like that they could not own
  lots of land or that they could only pass the
  land to a male heir when they died.
• The inheritance rules and the ban on slavery were
  eventually repealed Colonists rejoiced

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• Building Forts

• Need a buffer from France and Spain
• Build forts for protection Ft. Frederica on St.
  Simons Island
• Spanish upset that English are in Georgia, may
  attack

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• 1739 Britain declared war on Spain
• Spring of 1740 Oglethorpe leads force to invade
  Florida

• War with Spain

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• Spanish were turned back
• Oglethorpe promoted to general
• 1743 Oglethorpe returned to England
• Got married
• Worked for Parliament

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• Colony Declines

• People begin to leave Georgia and go back to
  England or other colonies
• 1750 slavery allowed
• 1752 British government takes over colony

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Exit Questions

• 1. What were the three rules the trustees had for
  the colonists?
• 2. Why did the trustees have such strict rules?
• 3. What river was the was the first settlement of
  Georgia named after?
• 4. What was allowed in 1750 that made people want
  to stay in Georgia?

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• Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony

• 1752 GA becomes a royal colony
• 1754 Captain John Reynolds becomes Royal
  Governor kings representative and CEO of colony

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• Colony Prospers

• Headright system
• Each family given 100 acres
• Extra 50 acres per family member, indentured
  servant or slave.
• Pay for surveying and recording