VERTEBRAL COLUMN

1
VERTEBRAL COLUMN

• THORACIC VERTEBRAE
• (Human Osteology)

2
Typical

• T2-R8 (T Coetzee)
• Body
• Heart shaped
• Demi-facets for heads of the ribs
• Superior costal facet-for lower facet of head of
  same no rib
• Inferior costal facet-for upper facet of head of
  succeeding rib
• Vertebral foramina
• Are the smallest in entire v/c

3
Typical

• Pedicles
• Flattened from side to side
• Inferior vertebral notch
• Deeper than superior notch
• Laminae
• Short, broad, imbricated (overlap)
• Spinous processes
• Long, slopes inferiorly

4
Typical

• Transverse processes
• Rounded extremities
• Antsmall round costal facet for tubercle of same
  no rib
• Superior facet-directed posteriorly
• Inferior facet-directed inferiorly

5
Atypical

• T1,9,10,11,12 (T Coetzee)
• T1
• Whole facets sup for head of R1
• Demi-facets inf for upper facet of R2
• Rest is typical
• T9
• Typical except for
• Has a large demi-facet on the upper part of its
  body for R9

6
Atypical

• T10,11,12
• Whole facets on each side of the body pedicles
  for the same no rib
• T10 also has a facet on its transverse process
  for the tubercles of R10
• T11,T12 have no facets on transverse processes
• Have sup, inf lateral tubercles corresponding
  to the mamillary, accessory transverse
  procecesses of the lumbar vertebrae.
• T11 compared to T12
• T11 inferior articular process is thoracic and
  points inferiorly
• T12 inferior articular process is lumbar in
  appearance

7
VERTEBRAL COLUMN

• LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
• (Human Osteology)

8
Typical

• L1-4 (T Coetzee)
• Body
• Largest in v/c
• Kidney shaped
• Wider side to side
• Vertebral foramina
• Intermediate size i.e betw cx tx

9
Typical

• Pedicles
• Flattened from sup to inf
• Inferior vertebral notch
• Not equal compared to thoracic
• Laminae
• Short, do not overlap
• Spinous processes
• Massive, do not overlap

10
Typical

• Transverse processes
• Flattened
• Accessory process
• Mamillary process

11
ATypical

• L5 (T Coetzee)
• Deeper in front coinciding with the sacral angle
• Characteristic feature wide separation of the
  inferior articular processes to articulate with
  the sacrum
• Transverse process
• Short
• Pyramidal
• Spinous process
• Small
• Rounded