Chapter 3. vitamin

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Chapter 3. vitamin
Lipid-soluble vitamin Water- soluble vitamin
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introduction
Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required
in small quantities for a variety of biochemical
functions and which, generally, cannot be
synthesized by the body and must therefore be
supplied by the diet.
Lipid-soluble vitamin Water-soluble vitamin
vitamin
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Section 1. lipid-soluble vitamin
Vitamin A, D, E and K are soluble in lipids, not
in water. They lay with lipids in food and
therefore absorbed together with lipids by body.
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?. Vitamin A
Vitamin A1, retinol, ??? Vitamin A2,
dehydroretinol, ?????
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• Function
• keep epithelial tissue healthy.
• Maintaining orthopsia(????).

Deficiency diseases night-blindness ???
Source ß carotin ß???? (7.7mg/100g)
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?.Vitamin D
Among them, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the
biological most active.
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Function Promote absorbing of calcium and
phosphonium into intestine, adjust calcium and
phosphorus metabolism, be helpful of
ossature(??)calcifying and tooth forming.
Deficiency deseases rachitis(???
)osteomalacia(???)
Source fish-liver oil,yolk??,milk
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?.Vitamin E tocopherol???. 8 compounds had been
found. The four ?,?,? and ? are physiological
active.
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• Functions
• Maintaining animal procreating ability,
  anti-infertilitas.(????????,????)
• Antioxidation
• Promote metabolism of heme.

• Deficiency states
• generative organ damage, even aciesis(??).

Source bean oil??(94mg/100g) corn
oil???83mg/100g
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?. Vitamin K
2-??-1,4??????
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• Functions
• Prosthetic group of ?- Glutamic Acid
  carboxylase(?-?????????), Promote synthesis of
  proserozyme in liver.
• Adjust synthesis of blood coagulation factor
  ?????.

• Deficiency states
• Bleeding easily.

Source Yolk(??),green color vegetables Synthesize
d by some entero-bacterium?????
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Section 2. water-soluble vitamin
1. Vitamin B1 thiamin

• Form TPP??????.
• TPP is prosthetic group of pyruvic acid
  dehydrogenase ?????????.
• Catalyze a-keto acid decarboxylic reaction.

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• Deficiency deseases
• Beriberi???, polyneuritis??????

Source seeds crust and corcle(??).
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2. Vitamin B2 riboflavin???

• Form FMN, FAD
• prosthetic group of redox enzyme
• FAD 2H FADH2
• FMN 2H FMNH2
• Transfer hydogen and electron?????

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Deficiency deseases Hypopnea, lower metabolism
intensity. glossitis, ceratitis,
cutitis(???,??????,???????????????????????)
Source Bean,liver.
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3. VitPP(VB5)
Nicotinic Acid(??) micotinamide (????)
Deficiency deseases Pellagra(???,?????)
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Source Meat, yeast, peanut??,rice bran??
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4. Vitamin B6
Prosthetic group of aminotransferase,
decarboxylase and racemase (Aa??????????????)
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Function Amino group transfer
Source Yeast, rice bran(??), yolk(??),meat.
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5. pantothenic acid??(B3)

• Form coenzyme A (CoA-SH)
• Form acyl carrier protein
• Transfer acyl group

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CoA-SH
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• Source
• Yeast, meat, bee milk, peannuts.
• Synthesized by bacterium in intestines

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6. Biotin(B7)

• Prosthetic enzyme of carboxylase
• Transfer CO2.

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??CoA???
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• Source
• Wide exist in body of animals and plants.
• Synthesized by bacterium in intestines

Deficiency deseases Scytitis(??),trichomadesis(??
),nervousness(????).
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7. Folic acid pterolyglutamic acid?????
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• Carrier of one carbon group-CH3, -CH2-, -CHO.
• Join in many biosynthesis processes.
• Deficiency states Megaloblastic anaemia???????
• Exist mainly in liver and green leaves.
  Synthesized by bacterium in intestines

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8. Vitamin B12 coholamine???

• Prosthetic enzyme of mutase, catalyze reactions
  of group, mainly methyl, metachoresis in the
  interior of substrate molecule.
  ??????,?????????(?????)??????

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• Deficiency states
• megaloblastic anemia????????

Source Liver, milk, meat and so on, not in
plants.
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9.Vitamin C Ascorbic acid

• Strong reduction quality ,Protect enzyme having
  thiol group being reductive(?????????????)
• Prosthetic enzyme of proline hydroxylase,
  promote forming of collagen protein
  (?????????,??????????)
• Deficiency statesscorbutus

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???? ??????
Widely exist in fresh vegetables and fruit
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10.aLipoic a???

• prosthetic enzyme of Lipoate acetyltransferase(???
  ????????)
• hydrogen carrier, acyl carrier
• Exist in liver,yeast and so on.

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????????(1)--??????
????? ???? ?? ???
???B1(???) ??????(?-??????????) ???-???? ???,??????
???B2(???) FMN?FAD(??????) ??H??? ????,??????????
???PP(????????)(B5) NAD?NADP(?????????) ??H??? ??????,????(???)
???B6(???????????) ???????????(??????) ?????
??(B3) ??A ?????
???(B7) ???(??????) ??CO2 ????????????????
??(B9) ????(???????????????) ??????? ???????
???B12 (???) (N5-??FH4???????) ????? ???????
???C ???????? ??,??? ???
?-??? (???????????) ??????????
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????????(2)--??????
????? ?? ???
???A(???????????) ??????????,???????????????????????,?????? ???
???D ???????????,???????????? ???????
???E ??????????(??????)???????? ?????
???K ??????????????????????????? ???
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??????????????
?? ??????????
?? VB6???
???? VB1????VD?VK
????? VB6?VC?VD?Ca?Zn?K
??? K?Ca?Mg?Zn
??????? VB6?VC?VB12???
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????????????????
???A?1.5mg ???D?10µg ???E?30mg ???C?60mg ???B1?1.
5mg ???B2?1.7mg ????20mg ???B6?2mg ???B12?6µg ???1
0mg ???400µg ????300µg
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???
1. ????????????( ) A.??? B.???
C.?? D.???D E.??? 2. ????CO2??(
) A.??? B.??? C.???C D.???D E.???A
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Thank you!