Title: Health and wellness
1Health and wellness
2Health
- is level of functional or metabolic efficiency
of a living being. - general condition of a person's mind and body,
usually meaning to be free from illness, injury
or pain - (as in "good health" or "healthy").
- Word health drive from old English term hal
meaning sound or whole. - Webster dictionary define as the state of being
healthy happy and prosperous
3- The World Health Organization (WHO)
- defined health in 1946 as
- "a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity. - definition has been subject to controversy
- Why?
- the word "complete?????questions
4Classification systems
- Classification systems such as WHO Family of
International Classifications, including - International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health (ICF) and - International Classification of Diseases (ICD),
are commonly used to define and measure the
components of health.
5Aims of health care providers
- Systematic activities to prevent or cure health
problems and - promote good health in humans are undertaken by
health care providers.
6- term "healthy" is also widely used
- healthy communities
- healthy cities
- healthy environments.
7- great importance for health status and quality of
life. - It is increasingly recognized that health is
maintained and improved - not only through the advancement and application
of health science, - but also through the efforts and intelligent
lifestyle - choices of the individual and society.
8- ( WHO) main determinants of health include
- social and economic environment,
- the physical environment,
- the person's individual characteristics and
behaviors.6
9determinants of health
- key factors (if people are healthy or unhealthy
include) - Income and social status
- Social support networks
- Education and literacy
- Employment/working conditions
- Social environments
- Physical environments
- Personal health practices and coping skills
- Healthy child development
- Biology and genetics
- Health care services
- Gender
- Culture
103 interdependent fields as key determinants of an
individual's health.
- Lifestyle
- aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over
which individual has control) that can be said
to contribute to, or cause, illness or death - Environmental
- all matters related to health external to human
body and over which the individual has little or
no control - Biomedical
- all aspects of health, physical and mental,
developed within human body as influenced by
genetic make-up.
11Prevention Practice A Holistic Perspective for
Physical Therapy
12 - Health
- Wellness
- Dimension of Wellness
- Model of Wellness
- Quality of Life
- Holistic Health
- Risk Reduction
- The Physical Therapists Role in Promoting Health
and Wellness
13- Preventive practice is holistic practice of
medicine that encompasses care of the individual
in the context of that persons home , work, and
community. - The impact of prevention practice influences not
only the individual but also influences the
society. - As a member of the health care team physical
therapist play a key role in identifying risk
factors for poor health and promoting wellness
through various strategies including screening ,
health education to encourage self responsibility
and awareness of risk factors and promoting
healthy style behaviors.
14Optimal Health
- A balance of physical, mental and social health.
- Life style changes promoting health can be
facilitated through a combination of effort that
are - Enhance self awareness and knowledge of health
habits - Change behavior that interfere with good health
- Create environments that support good health
practice.
15Poor Health
- Poor health may include physical ailments causing
acute or chronic disabilities as well as mental
issue that limit independent functioning.
16Wellness
- Wellness often used synonymously with health
- National wellness institute define as wellness
is an active process of becoming aware of and
making choice decision toward more successful
existence. - In other words wellness is active life long
process of becoming aware of choice and making
decisions to ward a more balanced and fulfilling
life. - Wellness integrates mental, social, occupational
, emotional, spiritual and physical dimension of
ones life and reflects how one feels about life
as well as ones ability to function effectively.
17Dimensions of Wellness
- According to system theory of wellness the
multiple dimensions of wellness are essential
sub elements of a larger system , yet these
dimensions function independently as their own
sub element. - When one dimension is disrupted other dimension
of wellness reciprocally interrelated to that
dimension are also disrupted.
18- Corbin, Lindsey and Welk Educators ---Exercise
and Health Promotion - Physical, Spiritual, Social, Psychological,
Emotional, Intellectual Wellness
19Wellness Description
Physical ve perception and expectation of health , include ability to effectively meet daily demands
Spiritual Unifying force b/w body and mind. SW includes person ability to establish values and act on a system of beliefs as to establish and carry out meaningful and constructed life time goals.
Social Perception of having support available from family or friends in time of need. Also include persons ability to interact with others and to establish meaning full relation that enhance quality of life
Psychological General perception that one will experience positive out comes to event s and circumstances in life. Positive attitude ?optimism ?hope is vital in preventive medicine
Emotional Progression of secure self identity and positive sense of self regard. Ability to coupe with daily circumstances and to deal with personal feeling in a positive , optimistic and constructive manner.
Intellectual Perception of being internally energized by an optimal amount of intellectually stimulating activity. Ability person ability to learn and to use information to enhance the quality of daily living and optimal functioning.
20- Howard Clinebell , a Theologian offers an even
more Comprehensive Perspective of Wellness with
his Seven Dimension of Wellness. - Spiritual , Mental , Physical, Relation ship,
Work well being , Play well being, Well being of
our world.
21Wellness Description
Spiritual Well-being Healthy religious beliefs, practice, values and institutions that energize and enrich all aspects of our lives.
Mental Well-being Represents the profound interdependence of mind and body that manifests itself in our mental and physical health. Mental well being incorporates problem solving , creativity, clarity in thinking , service and productivity .
Physical Well-being Reflect body health. Physical well being is evidenced by the ability to experience sensations with out pain , to effectively function with adequate energy, to be responsible for self care and to nurtures others.
Relation ship Well-being Our healing and general wellness. Need for nurturing and love for giving and receiving for empowering others and for creating inter personal bonds. On large scale peace full coexistence with others
Work Well-being Satisfies the thirst for purpose. Or need for fulfilling a purpose in ones vocation. Self worth, satisfaction , and personal fulfillment are all related to the individual ability to serve the community in a meaning full way.
Play Well-being Play provide with laughter , cheer , energy balance.
Well-being of our world Individuals prospective on living in a healthy environment and protecting natural resources. Justice , an earth caring life style, a desire of well being for all , adequate health care , dependence on others in community , political participation
22Models of Wellness
- models of wellness offer insight for management
of illness and preventive practice. - In 1972 john W. Travis developed continuum of
wellness illustrating impact of wellness on
health and premature death.
23PREMATURE DEATH
HIGH LEVEL OF WELLNESS -----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------disability
symptoms sign p
awareness education growth
neutral point
( no
discernible illness or wellness)
- Wellness Grid Priorities For Your Well Being
Well Being Highest Priority Second Priority Third Priority
Spiritual Well-being
Mental Well-being
Physical Well-being
Relation ship Well-being
Work Well-being
Play Well-being
Well-being of our world
24Ardells model of wellness (1977).(Adapted from
Ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,ny new world library 1999.)
25Ardells model of wellness (1986).(Adapted from
ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,nynew world library 1999.)
26Ardells model in three domains. (Adapted from
Ardell d.14 days to wellness the easy,
effective , and fun way to optimum health.
Newyork,nynew world library 1999.)
27Comparing Holistic Medicine and
Conventional Medicine
28Holistic Medicine Conventional Medicine
Philosophy Based on allopathic , osteopathic , naturopathic, energy and ethno medicine Based on allopathic medicine
Primary objective of care To promote optimal health To prevent and treat disease To cure or reduce pathology
Diagnosis Medical history , physical exam, lab data , holistic health care sheet. Medical history , physical exam, lab data
Primary method of care Empowering patients to heal them selves through health promotions and life style changes Eliminate sign and symptoms
Primary care treatment option Diet, exercise , environmental measures, attitudinal and behavioral modifications, relation ship and spiritual counseling. Medication and surgery
Secondary care treatment options Botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture , manual medicine, bimolecular therapies, physical therapy, medication and surgery. Diet exercise , physical therapy and stress management
Weaknesses Shortage of holistic physicians and training time intensive , requiring a commitment to healing process, not a quick fix. Ineffective in preventing and curing chronic disease expensive
Strengths Teaches patients to take responsibility for their own health and in doing so it is cost effective in treating both acute chronic illness , therapeutic in preventing and treating chronic disease and essential in creating optimal health Highly therapeutic in treating both acute and life threatening illness and injuries.
29Quality of life
- Ability to lead a normal life to the fulfillment
of personal goals and self actualization. - According to world health organization quality of
life is the individuals perception of their
position in life in context of the cultural and
value systems in which they live and in relation
to their goals , expectations, standards and
concerns
30Quality of life
- Quality of life measures emphasize health
profiles as describe by one assessment called
SF-36. - The SF-36 assesses eight health concepts
- Limitation in physical activities because of
health problems - Limitation in social activities because of
physical or emotional problems. - Limitation in usual role activities because of
physical health problem. - Bodily pain
- General mental health ( psychological distress
and well being ) - Limitation in usual role activities because of
emotional problems - Vitality ( energy and fatigue )
- General health perception
31HOLISTIC HEALTH
- The philosophy of holistic health care is
compatible with medicine designed to restore
health and wellness. - The health care providers comprehensive role in
health care requires a holistic prospective of
the individual seeking care. - This holistic prospective looks beyond physical
functioning of individual and recognize the
importance of multiple factors contributing to
good health and optimal wellness , emphasizing
the unity of mind , spirit and body. - According to American holistic health association
,this expanded perspective of holistic care
considers the whole person and the whole
situation. - The characteristic of holistic medicine that
apply to wellness practice incorporate
recognizing the interdependent parts of whole
being , including the physical, mental ,
emotional and spiritual aspects of the individual.
32HOLISTIC HEALTH
- This recognition of multiple factors influencing
health and wellness leads to following - Identifying and managing root causes of disease
processes. - Empowering the individual to manage these
pathological processes. - Providing a comprehensive perspective of the
individual in multiple social roles.
33Risk Reduction
- Identification of population at risk for
developing physical and mental health problems
help curtail the number of peoples whose quality
of life is diminished by preventing pathology. - Many pathological conditions are genetic but
still some conditions are preventable. - Knowing the population at risk for a particular
disease allows health care providers to target
health promotion education and screening program
to populations at the greatest risk for illness. - One key to achieving wellness is developing an
awareness of how to achieve a balance among the
various dimension affecting health and well
being. - Population that are susceptible to illness or
injury are in particular need of this awareness ,
accomplished through appropriate education and
guidance.
34Risk Reduction
- Risk factor that may predispose an individual to
diminished well being and health problems include
physical risk factors poor nutrition ,physical
inactivity, poor physical environment and
substance abuse psychological, spiritual and
social risk factors low self-esteem and lacking
values and a direction in ones life plan and
environmental risk factors persons, things or
conditions that negatively influence other
dimensions. - By identifying and addressing these risk factors,
the health professional can reduce the incidence
of injury and illness
35The Physical Therapist Role in Promoting Health
and Wellness
- Physical therapist are beginning to play major
roles as prevention practitioners in health care. - While physical therapist have traditionally been
involved in the management of physical impairment
and functional limitation associated with an
individuals medical problems - Their current role encompasses identifying risk
factors and developing health promotion
strategies that significantly affect health
,fitness and wellness. - Physical therapist are uniquely prepared to apply
their extensive knowledge for improving or
adopting movements and motor task for more
independent functions. - In addition physical therapist are experts in
examining and evaluating the motor capability ,
goals and functional limitations of individual
with musculoskeletal , neurological
,cardiopulmonary ,integumentary , and other body
system impairments
36- Knowledge that spans the spectrum of optimizing
health and managing illness enables therapist to
design customized exercises that address
potential medical complications that may arise in
population at risk. - A key role of health care management is directing
clients energies toward improving capabilities
for functional independence maintaining optimal
health and fulfilling important role in their
lives. - The physical therapist determine an individuals
functional capabilities by examining the
requisite motor skills and behaviors needed to
perform task relevant to that individuals role
in society . - In one case a physical therapists may help an
elite athlete prepare for an Olympic event
ensuring that the training schedule for the
athlete promotes optimal performance and prevent
injuries. - PT may evaluate an older patient requisite
abilities for resuming multiple roles on home, In
social circles and in community..function in this
respect comprises not only the physical
capabilities of the individual but also include
the psychosocial environment and well being of
individual. - Social support can contribute significantly to
individual wellbeing..this well being in turn
leads to the individuals ability to develop a
personal sense of meaningful living.
37- According to the Guide To Physical Therapist
Practice physical therapist restore, maintain ,
and promote not only optimal physical function
but optimal wellness and fitness and optimal
quality of life as it relates to movement and
health. - The practice of physical therapy encompasses the
full spectrum of health and wellness that
includes preventing disease and illness as well
as optimizing health. - Physical therapist play key role in providing
education , guidance , consultation, and direct
intervention to enable individual to maintain
physical activity of self care, mobility ,
leisure skills , work and play.
38- Impairment
- Any loss or abnormality of psychological,
physiological, or anatomocal structure of
function - Disability
- Any restriction or lack (resulting from the
impairment) of ability to perform any activity in
a manner or within the range considered normal
for a human being. - Handicap
- A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting
from an impairment or a disability, that limits
or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is
normal for this individual.