FUEL-CELL CAR

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• FUEL-CELL CAR

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• INTRODUCTION

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BASIC PROBLEMS IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

• DWINDLING OF PETROLEUM RESOURSES
• INCREASING STRINGENT
  STANDARD REGARDING POLLUTANTS

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WHY FUEL-CELL CARS ?

• Better in terms of power dynamic performance and
  serviceability
• Lighter and offer a greater range between
  refueling
• No harmful emissions
• Ideally suited to volume built products

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FUEL-CELL CONCEPT

• CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL
  

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TYPES OF ELECTROLYTES

• THIN MEMBRANE
• CAUSTIC POTASH
• PHOSPHORIC ACID
• MOLTEN CARBONATE
• SLOID ZIRCON-OXIDE

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DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-CELL CAR

• FIRST PROTOTYPE FUEL-CELL CAR----1994
• IT WAS NAMED AS NECAR-1
• FEATURES-
• It was 3.5 tonne, MERCEDES BENZ-180 van
• Power 50kW
• Speed 90 kmph

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2nd PROTOTYPE

• Named-------------------------------NECAR-2
  (1996)
• FEATURES-
• Multipurpose vehicle
• Maximum speed 110 kmph
• Range of 250km using fuel load of
  280Lt of H2

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NEBUS

• FEATURES-
• Zero emission bus
• Power 190kW
• 15 better than diesel engine
• Maximum speed 80kmph

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HYDROGEN STORAGE ?
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SOLUTION

• REFORMING A HYDROCARBON LIQUID
• REFORMING IS A PROCESS OF
• VAPOURSING THE HYDROCARBON LIQUID, THEN
  INJECTING A MIXTURE OF FUEL VAPOUR, AIR WATER
  VAPOUR IN TO A CATALYIC REFORMER

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METHANOL AS AN IDEAL FUEL

• Cleaner than gasoline
• Renewable source of energy
• When it is reformed at 400-475oc H2 is liberated

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NECAR-3

• FEATURES-
• 3.75m length
• Power 50kW
• Its own H2 on board by reforming methanol
• 400km on 38Lt of methanol

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NECAR-4 (Latest)

• FEATURES-
• Uses liquid H2
• Fuel is stored in cryogenic cylinder
• Power 5kW
• Efficiency at wheels 36

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PEM FUEL-CELL
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FUTURE OF FUEL-CELL CAR

• A 3-pronged strategy involving methanol, gasoline
  and hydrogen options will be perused
• Cost 10 times as gasoline-powered engine
• To decrease cost, integration of the system is
  required

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FUEL-CELL ALONE OR IN COMBINATION

• ALONE-
• Powerful fuel-cell is needed
• COMBINATION WIYH BATTERIES-
• The fuel-cells act as battery chargers, while
  the batteries take the heavy loads and let the
  fuel-cells operate more smoothly

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ADVANTAGES

• They are lighter than conventional than lead
  acid batteries.
• The fuel cells gives of NO harmful emissions.
• They are ideally suited to volume built
  products, making for competitive cost.
• Fuel cells generate electricity by converting
  oxygen and hydrogen into water without
  combustion.
• Fuel cells are quiet, effective and, because they
  have no movable parts, very dependable.
• Fuel cells are superior to combustion engines
  because of their dependability, energy
  efficiency, and environmental friendliness.
• A fuel-cell system in a car will be almost
  maintenance free.
• They are more at par in terms of power, dynamic
  performance and serviceability.

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OTHER APPLICATIONS

• FUEL-CELL PCS
• MOBILE PHONES
• POWER PLANTS

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THANK YOU