The exchange of Genetic Material between bacteria or How bacteria acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents in nature

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The exchange of Genetic Material between
bacteriaorHow bacteria acquire resistance to
antimicrobial agents in nature
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Modes of genetic exchangetransformationphage
mediated transductionconjugationtransposition
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Transformation of bacteria with linear DNAsome
cells are naturally competent for the uptake of
DNA
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Plasmids are autonomously replicating circular
DNA molecules that can be used to artificially
transform bacterianaturally competent cells can
take up a plasmid, such plasmid does not need to
integrate with the chromosome for maintenance!!
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Generalized transduction mediated by
bacteriophages
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Conjugationa mechanism by which mobilizable
plasmids can be transferred from one bacterium to
another
Note tra genes, oriT and antibiotic resisitance
genes
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Conjugationa mechanism by which mobilizable
plasmids can be transferred from one bacterium to
another
Note conjugation bridge formed between donor and
recipient cells
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Mobilizable plasmids can integrate into the
bacterial chromosometherefore bacterial genes
can be transferred.
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Transposons that carry antibiotic resistance
genes can randomly hop into a bacterial
chromosome
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Mechanism for transposition
ABR
ABR