AVIAN INFLUENZA

1
AVIAN INFLUENZA

• Vivek K

2
Introduction

• Avian influenza or Avian flu, or Bird flu refers
  to "influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds.
  
• H5N1 strain can infect human
• First noted in 1997

3
Current status of Avian Influenza in Poultry
4
How Human to Human Transmission Occurs
5
Recent Human Infections by Avian flu
6
Why are we so concerned?

• Number of affected countries with avian influenza
  increasing
• Number of avian and human cases increasing
• The majority of the human population has no
  immunity
• High case fatality rate
• Human influenza viruses are circulating in Asian
  countries
• Potential of emergence of a new influenza virus

Increasing risk of human to human transmission
with pandemic potential
7
WHO Pandemic Phases

• Inter-pandemic Period
• Phase 1 no novel influenza virus subtypes
  detected in humans
• Phase 2 same, but circulating animal virus
  posing significant risk to humans
• Pandemic Alert Period
• Phase 3 human infection with a novel subtype but
  no h-t-h transmission
• Phase 4 small cluster with h-t-h transmission
• Phase 5 larger cluster with h-t-h transmission,
  virus becoming increasingly adapted to humans
  (substantial pandemic risk)

8
WHO Pandemic Phases (contd)

• Pandemic Period
• Phase 6 Increased and sustained transmission in
  the general population
• Post Pandemic Period
• Return to Inter-pandemic Period

9
Signs Symptoms

• Fever. Headache. Tiredness (can be
  extreme).Dry cough. Sore throat.  Nasal
  congestion. Body aches.

10
Laboratory Diagnosis

• Identification of the agent
• Live birds tracheal swabs and cloacal swabs or
  faeces
• Dead birds organs and faeces
• Serology
• Clotted blood samples or
• serum 

11
Tests available

• ELISA
• AGID (Agar Gel Immunodiffusion test)
• HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition test)
• IFT (Immunofluoresence test)
• RT-PCR (Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain
  reaction)

12
Prevention and Control

• 1. Cullers and transporters should be provided
  with appropriate personal protective equipment
• Protective clothing, with an impermeable apron or
  surgical gowns
• gloves must be disinfected.
• respirator masks are preferred. Standard
  well-fitted surgical masks should be used if
  respirators are not available.
• Goggles.
• Rubber or polyurethane boots that can be
  disinfected or protective foot covers that can be
  discarded. 2. All persons who have been in
  close contact with the infected animals should
  wash their hands frequently with soap and water.
  Cullers and transporters should disinfect their
  hands after the operation.
• 3. Environmental clean up should be carried out
  in areas of culling.

13
Treatment

• Rest.
• Drink plenty of liquids. Avoid using alcohol
  and tobacco.
• Take medication to relieve the symptoms of
  flu

14
Drugs

• Amantadine
• Zanamivir
• Oseltamivir

15
Thank You