UTHSCSA Service Research

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(No Transcript)
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Veterinary Toxicology Current and Future
Presented by L.D. Hopper, DVM, PhD, DABT
For Kansas State University College of
Veterinary Medicine
Nov 24, 2003
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Background

• DVM KSU 1981
• Private Practice 1981-86
• PhD program 1986-89
• DABT - 1992
• Pharmaceutical Industry Toxicologist 1989-2003

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Experience

• Toxicologic evaluation of drugs, metabolites,
  excipients, intermediates
• Risk assessments of substances
• Study designs, conduct, data evaluation and
  report writing
• Toxicokinetic studies
• Pharmacologic studies

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Approach to this Topic

• General topic with little specific published
  information
• Personal perspective
• Presentation of ideas and recognized
  opportunities

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Current Veterinary ToxicologyDemographics

• 67,000 AVMA member veterinarians
• 13,000 non-AVMA member veterinarians
• 45,000 AVMA members in private practice
• 100 ABVT members
• 170 active in Toxicology

2003 AVMA Membership Directory
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Veterinary Profession Demand Projections by 2015
(Growth)

• Academia 2
• Industry 24
• Government 2
• Private Practice (SA) 32
• Private Practice (LA) 3

JP Brown et al, JAVMA, 1999
Are Pre-Veterinary and Veterinary Students being
adequately informed of current and future needs?
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Current and Future Market for Veterinarians

• Falling real incomes, incomes lag behind
  comparative professions, debt load
• Inability or unwillingness to consider working
  outside traditional private practice
• Veterinarians did not feel prepared ., for
  employment outside private practice
  
  
  

RE Lewis et al, JAVMA, 2003 JP Brown et al,
JAVMA, 1999
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Message?

• Demand will be high for veterinarians in industry
• Private practice demand will be flat except for
  Small Animal clinical
• Financial security for many private practitioners
  may not be sufficient for their input of time
  and money
• Are pre-veterinary and veterinary students being
  adequately informed of, and prepared for, career
  opportunities?

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Current Veterinary ToxicologyTraditional Roles
in Academia
Mirrors role of veterinary teaching hospitals

• Teaching
• Service
• Research

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Teaching

• Traditional clinical aspects of toxicology for
  practitioners Core curriculum
• Training for post-DVM degrees and specialty
  certification
• Continuing Education
• Research opportunities, promote the idea of
  research as a career (not a product)
• Non-private practice awareness and
  familiarization i.e., industry, research

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Teaching
At the initial level, efforts are needed to
ensure that veterinary students are aware of
these career opportunities early in their
education. Potential strategies include offering
externships and public health rotations, such as
at CDC or at local and state health departments,
as part of veterinary medical school training
courses and offering combined degrees in
veterinary medicine and public health (i.e.,
DVM/MPH)a course of study already offered by
several veterinary colleges. Other innovative
public health programs that could be incorporated
by veterinary medical colleges include studies in
food safety, environmental toxicology, healthy
ecosystems, international diseases, and
population medicine.
L King, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2003
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Teaching - Areas of Opportunity

• Internet applications for teaching and
  information on-line courses, CE
• Offering electives in non-traditional areas such
  as regulatory toxicology, toxicogenomics,
  environmental toxicology, toxicologic pathology
• Emphasis on interdependence of veterinary, human,
  and ecological health Veterinarians dont just
  take care of pets and livestock

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Internet Opportunities

• Teaching clinical curriculum, continuing
  education
• Resource links
• IVIS
• VEIN
• NOAH
• KSUCVM Toxicology Outreach?
• Specific information, current topics
• Library/information resources
  
  

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Toxicogenomics

• Determination of expression levels
• Thousands of genes using DNA microarrays
• Up/down regulation patterns
• Characterize toxicants by class or by expression
  patterns
• Potential benefits Genetic make-up, diagnosis,
  screening for early onset, prognosis, customize
  therapy, monitoring of progression
• The potential impact of toxicogenomics is just
  beginning to be recognized

ML Cunningham et al, Toxicol Sci, 2003
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Toxicogenomics

• Resource/labor intensive
• Massive data outputs to collate and evaluate
• Multi-disciplinary effort
• Will be FDA driven

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Food Safety

• Genetically altered foods
• Global food sources
• Bioterrorism/Biosecurity

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Ecotoxicology

• Environment multiple sources of toxic
  contamination
• Public Health
• Sentinels animals as targets or first effectors
• Toxicogenomics and environmental exposures
  
  
  

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Regulatory Toxicology

• Goals of Regulatory Toxicology studies EPA,
  FDA, ICH
• Approach to satisfying regulatory requirements
• Good Laboratory Practices
• Animal models, numbers
• Study endpoints
• Study designs based on intended purpose of the
  study
  
  

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Service

• Diagnostic service instrumentation and
  toxicogenomics
• Referral cases - therapy
• Drug Testing
• Information resource CE, internet

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Research

• Driven by needs of practitioners, state/region
• Must be compatible with faculty and institutional
  interests/expertise
• External funding need to provide useable
  product which may be outside the needs of
  practitioners and the state
• Areas of need Food safety, biosecurity/terrorism
  , environmental health, toxicogenomics and
  mechanisms

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Conclusions

• Continue Veterinary teaching role following
  recommended core curriculum
• Increase exposure to and content of information
  about career opportunities outside traditional
  private clinical practice
• Opportunities for utilizing the internet for
  teaching and information resources
• Toxicogenomics is a wide open frontier for basic
  as well as applied research

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Times Up?
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Acknowledgements
My wife Mari, PhD, KSU 1989 For help with my
Website
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Study Design

• 5 daily doses PO in capsules
• 24 Beagle dogs 3/sex/dose
• 3 dosage levels and control group
• Day 8 sac and day 60 sac
• Dosages derived from pilot study

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Study Endpoints

• Body weight weekly
• Clinical observations daily
• Food consumption daily
• Hematology and Serum Chemistry days 8, 15, 29 and
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• Plasma concentrations on days 1 and 5
• Necropsy and microscopic pathology

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Comparative Plasma ConcentrationsPO vs IV