Agenda

1
Agenda

• Essential Question What are the basics of music
  notation?
• Review Terms
• tonality, rhythm, melody, form, theme,
  variations, rondo, timbre, harmony, tempo,
  dynamics, overture, piano, forte, crescendo,
  decrescendo, phone words
• Opener/Lecture 20 minutes
• Grab your folders and the handout on the front
  table.
• Answer the questions in this Power Point on your
  provided answer sheet.
• Music Notation 30 minutes
• Review of Clefs, Notes, and Rests
• New Material Time Signatures
• Individual Work30 minutes
• Writing Music on the Staff
• Instrument Stations
• Closure 10 minutes
• Music reading quiz

2
Find you group on the desks!

• Group 1
• Jermisha
• Ryan
• Melissa
• Daquitta
• Phillip
• Denise
• Group 2
• Caressa
• Jamal
• Gary
• Jessica
• Tyler
• Embra

• Group 3
• Shakayla
• Michael K.
• William S.
• Ashley
• Ashley
• Joemichael
• Group 4
• Kayla
• Kristianna
• Lawrence
• Michael Q.
• Quinina
• Sierra

3
Find you group on the desks!

• Group 1
• Jermisha
• Melissa
• Daquitta
• Denise
• Kristianna
• Group 2
• Jamal
• Gary
• Jessica
• Sierra

• Group 3
• Shakayla
• Michael K.
• William S.
• Ashley
• Ashley
• Group 4
• Kayla
• Lawrence
• Michael Q.
• Qunina
• Tyler

4
Music Notation

• How was music notation invented?

5
Agenda

• Essential Question What are the basics of music
  notation?
• Review Terms
• tonality, rhythm, melody, form, theme,
  variations, rondo, timbre, harmony, tempo,
  dynamics, overture, piano, forte, crescendo,
  decrescendo, phone words
• Opener/Lecture 20 minutes
• Grab the handout on the front table.
• Answer the questions in this Power Point on your
  provided answer sheet.
• Listening Guide 30 minutes
• Music Listening Guide
• Instruments and Questions 50 minutes 10
  minutes at each
• Groups of 5 everyone must take a turn on each
  instrument!
• Closure 10 minutes
• Timbre Quiz Based on Instruments

6
How did music pass from one person to another?
If you wanted to learn a song, you would have to
learn it aurally. Learning a song aurally
requires you to hear the music, copy it, and
commit it to memory.
7
The next few centuries is the medieval era, or
otherwise referred to as the dark ages. This is
a time in human history where we did not advance
forward, but in some respects, backwards.
8

• During this time the Church becomes the center of
  society. It was a time where people where
  attending mass every day, sometimes mass was held
  every hour of the day.

9
With all the people and masses, came the need for
music. To be heard in the large buildings,
several voices needed to sing together to fill
the building.
10
These voices singing in unison acted as a natural
microphone and filled the building.
11
Even with several voices together, there was a
need for new chants and hymns. At this time all
music was still memorized, but with all the new
music, it was to difficult to keep adding new
material.
12
In the twelfth century a monk named Guido
Dazarro came up with a method for keeping the
choir together.
13
He would point to a spot on his hand, which would
indicate a pitch, and it became known as the
Guido hand method.
14
This worked for the slow, simple tunes, but his
abbey was so astounded that they thought it was
witchcraft and threw him out.
15
Guido was soon taken in by another abbey, and he
also soon dropped the method of pointing to his
hand, as the music became more complex.
16
Guido was aware that musicians used some
manuscripts with neums. Neums were square notes
that generally indicated what direction the pitch
was directed. Since the singer already knew the
piece and just needed to be reminded of where in
the chant he was.
17
Guido began to write a red line through the neums
to indicate where a specific voice range was to
centered (i.e. alto voice). Above is an actual
picture of Guidos writing.
18
Next Guido added more lines to control more
voices.
19
For the bass and tenor vocal part, he added more
lines and marked the tenor line in yellow with
the starting pitch of f.
20
One problem with this system, was Guido had not
fixed a clef to a specific line. Guido had
pitches starting anywhere and on any line. This
made reading music hard to read.
21
So in the next century the successors to Guido
still experimented with adding lines to the
staff.Can you tell where one staff ends and
another begins?
22
It will take another couple of centuries for our
current grand staff to be adopted.
23
So What happened to Guido?

• Guido showed his work to his abbot, but this time
  instead of being thrown out, he was commended for
  his work.

24
His abbot liked it so much that he sent him to
Rome to meet with the Pope. The Pope liked his
work so much that he sent Guido all around the
country to teach as many priest and monks this
new system of reading notes.
25
Eventually, Guido ended back with his original
abbey, who welcomed him in, and said they were
sorry for ever doubting him.
26
The End.

• PowerPoint by Val Iven North Marion
  Intermediate School
• http//encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.
  aspx?refid761552863
• http//www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b3atilla_p1d
  z.htm
• http//www.realm-of-shade.com/zarathustra/attila.h
  tml
• http//www.newadvent.org/cathen/02061b.htm
• http//www.boglewood.com/timeline/attila.html
• http//www.stanford.edu/moore/HistoryEcon.html
• http//www.propheticwitness.org/gregory_the_great.
  htm
• http//guidoshandrocks.com/historyofname/
• http//italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa092700c.
  htm

27
Music Packet

• Bass and Treble Clef
• Notes on the scale
• Time Signatures
• Measures

28
Instrument Stations

• Station 1 Guitar
• Station 2 Djembe Drum
• Station 3 Bass Guitar
• Station 4 Piano
• Be careful with these instruments!
• They belong to me and I dont want them
  destroyed!
• I am being REALLY nice bringing them into class!

29
Directions

• As a group, read the handout and answer the
  question sheet pertaining to your instrument.
• Next, look at the board or provided information
  to play the instrument.
• Everyone must take a turn and attempt to play the
  instrument.
• I will come around and help you figure out chords
  and rhythms on the instruments.

30
Guitar

• The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient
  roots that adapts readily to a wide variety of
  musical styles. It typically has six strings, but
  four-, seven-, eight-, ten-, eleven-, twelve-,
  thirteen- and eighteen-string guitars also exist.
  The size and shape of the neck and the base of
  the guitar also vary, producing a variety of
  sounds. The three main types of guitars are the
  electric guitar, the classical guitar, and the
  acoustic guitar. Sometimes the last two are put
  in the same category.
• Guitars are recognized as one of the primary
  instruments in flamenco, jazz, blues, country,
  mariachi, rock music, and many forms of pop. They
  can also be a solo classical instrument. Guitars
  may be played acoustically, where the tone is
  produced by vibration of the strings and
  modulated by the hollow body, or they may rely on
  an amplifier that can electronically manipulate
  tone. Such electric guitars were introduced in
  the 1930s, and they have continued to have a
  profound influence on popular culture since then.
• Traditionally guitars have usually been
  constructed of combinations of various woods and
  strung with animal gut, or more recently, with
  either nylon or steel strings. Guitars are made
  and repaired by luthiers. There are many brands
  of guitars, but some commonly known brands are
  Fender, Gibson, Dean, Gretsch, Ibanez, Martin,
  Jackson, Schecter, Taylor, Paul Reed Smith, B.C.
  Rich, ESP and Yamaha.

31
Djembe Drum

• A djembe is a skin-covered hand drum shaped like
  a large goblet and meant to be played with bare
  hands. According to the Bamana people in Mali,
  the name of the djembe comes directly from the
  saying "Anke dje, anke be" which literally
  translates to "everyone gather together" and
  defines the drum's purpose. In the Bamanakan
  language, "Dje" is the verb for "gather" and "be"
  translates as "everyone". Legend has it that the
  first djembes were made from the skin of the
  mythical cross between a giraffe and a zebra, the
  'gebraffe'.
• It is a member of the membranophone family of
  musical instruments a frame or shell (in the
  djembe's case it is a wood shell) covered by a
  membrane or drumhead made of rawhide or some
  other material. Djembes are commonly about 12"
  (30 cm) in diameter and 24" (60 cm) in height,
  varying a few inches. They can also be found in
  many smaller sizes, from 5" (13 cm) to 18"
  (46 cm) in diameter. As a result of the goblet
  shape, the density of the wood, the internal
  carvings, and the skin, there is a wide range of
  tones that can be produced by the djembe. The
  rounded shape with the extended tube of the
  djembe body forms a device known in physics as a
  Helmholtz resonator, giving it its deep bass
  note. The primary notes are generally referred to
  as "bass", "tone", and "slap", though a variety
  of other tones can also be produced by advanced
  players. The slap has a high and sharp sound, the
  tone is more round and full, and the bass is low
  and deep.
• Some Africans consider the ashiko to be male and
  the djembe female, while others believe the
  opposite is true.

32
Bass Guitar

• The electric bass guitar is a stringed instrument
  played primarily with the fingers or thumb
  (either by plucking, slapping, popping, tapping,
  or thumping), or by using a plectrum.
• The bass guitar is similar in appearance and
  construction to an electric guitar, but with a
  larger body, a longer neck and scale length, and
  usually four strings tuned to the same pitches as
  those of the double bass,5 which correspond to
  pitches one octave lower than those of the four
  lower strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).6
  The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as
  it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than
  it sounds (as is the double bass) in order to
  avoid the excessive use of ledger lines. Like the
  electric guitar, the electric bass guitar is
  plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live
  performances.
• Since the 1950s, the electric bass guitar has
  largely replaced the upright bass in popular
  music as the bass instrument in the rhythm
  section. While the types of basslines performed
  by the bass guitarist vary widely from one style
  of music to another, the bass guitarist fulfills
  a similar role in most types of music anchoring
  the harmonic framework and laying down the beat.
  The bass guitar is used in many styles of music
  including rock, metal, pop, country, blues, and
  jazz. It is used as a soloing instrument in jazz,
  fusion, Latin, funk, and in some rock and metal
  (mostly technical death metal and progressive
  metal) styles.

33
Piano

• The piano is a musical instrument which is played
  by means of a keyboard. Widely used in Western
  music for solo performance, ensemble use, chamber
  music, and accompaniment, the piano is also very
  popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal.
  Although not portable and often expensive, the
  piano's versatility and ubiquity have made it one
  of the most familiar musical instruments.
• Pressing a key on the piano's keyboard causes a
  felt covered hammer to strike steel strings. The
  hammers rebound, allowing the strings to continue
  vibrating at their resonant frequency.1 These
  vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a
  sounding board that couples the acoustic energy
  to the air so that it can be heard as sound. When
  the key is released, a damper stops the string's
  vibration. Pianos are sometimes classified as
  both percussion and stringed instruments.
  According to the Hornbostel-Sachs method of music
  classification, they are grouped with
  chordophones.
• The word piano is a shortened form of the word
  pianoforte, which is seldom used except in formal
  language and derived from the original Italian
  name for the instrument, clavicembalo or
  gravicembalo col piano e forte (literally
  harpsichord with calm and strong). This refers to
  the instrument's responsiveness to keyboard
  touch, which allows the pianist to produce notes
  at different dynamic levels by controlling the
  speed with which the hammers hit the strings.

34
Electric Guitar

• An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the
  principle of electromagnetic induction to convert
  vibrations of its strings into electric signals.
  Since the generated signal is too weak to drive a
  loudspeaker, it is amplified before sending it to
  a loudspeaker. Since the output of an electric
  guitar is an electric signal, the signal may
  easily be altered using electronic circuits to
  add greatness to the sound. Often the signal is
  modified using effects such as reverb and
  distortion. Arguably, no other musical instrument
  has had more of an impact on how music has
  evolved since the beginning of the twentieth
  century than the electric guitar. Conceived in
  1931, the electric guitar became a necessity as
  jazz musicians sought to amplify their sound.
  Since then, it has evolved into a stringed
  musical instrument capable of a multitude of
  sounds and styles. It served as a major component
  in the development of rock and roll and countless
  other genres of music.

35
Electric Guitar Questions

1. Electric guitar converts string vibrations to
   ____________ signals.
2. What happens to the signal before getting to the
   speaker?
3. Name two ways the signal can be modified.
4. This instrument impacted the music of what
   century?
5. What genre of music did it help create?

36

• Instrument information gathered from wikipedia.org