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Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future Richard T. Wright

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Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future Richard T. Wright Chapter 14 Renewable Energy PPT by Clark E. Adams Renewable Energy Putting solar energy to work ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future Richard T. Wright


1
Environmental Science Toward a Sustainable
Future Richard T. Wright
Chapter 14
  • Renewable Energy
  • PPT by Clark E. Adams

2
Renewable Energy
  • Putting solar energy to work
  • Indirect solar energy
  • Renewable energy for transportation
  • Additional renewable-energy options
  • Policy for a sustainable-energy future

3
Renewable-energy Use in the United States
4
Examples of Renewable Energy Sources
5
Putting Solar Energy to Work
6
Putting Solar Energy to Work
  • Principles of solar energy
  • Solar heating of water
  • Solar space heating
  • Solar production of electricity
  • The promise of solar energy

7
Principles of Solar Energy
Constant Abundant Free Everlasting
8
Hurdles in Using Solar Energy
  • Collection
  • Conversion
  • Storage
  • Cost-effectiveness

9
Terms and Definitions Solar Heating Systems
  • Active moves water or air with pumps and blowers
  • Passive moves water or air with natural
    convection currents or gravity

10
Components of Active or Passive Solar Heating
Systems?
  • Flat-plate collector
  • Water pump
  • Blowers
  • Heat exchanger
  • Improved insulation
  • Earthen berms

11
Solar Heating of Water Flat-plate Solar Collector
12
Solar Water Heaters
13
Solar Space Heating
14
Solar Building Siting
15
Landscaping in Solar Heating and Cooling
16
Required Components?
  • Flat-plate collector
  • Water pump
  • Blowers
  • Heat exchanger
  • Improved insulation
  • Solar hot water
  • Solar space heater
  • Both

17
Solar Production of Electricity
Photovoltaic Cell
18
How Photovoltaic Cells Work Part 1
  • Each cell consists of two thin mylar layers.
  • Lower layer has atoms with single electron in
    outer orbit easily lost.
  • Upper layer has atoms lacking one electron in
    outer orbit easily accepts electrons.

19
How Photovoltaic Cells Work Part 2
  • Kinetic energy from sunlight dislodges electrons
    from lower layer creates an electric potential
    between the two layers.

20
How Photovoltaic Cells Work Part 3
  • The potential provides the energy for an
    electrical current through the rest of the
    circuit.
  • Electrons from lower layer flow through a device
    back to upper side.

21
The Market for PV Cells
22
Concentrating Solar Power
  • PV power plants
  • Solar-trough collectors
  • Power towers
  • Dish-engine system

23
The Solar-trough Collector
24
How the Solar-trough Collector Works
  • The curved reflector focuses sunlight on and
    heats oil in the pipe.
  • Heated oil used to boil water and generate steam
    for driving a conventional turbogenerator.

25
Power Tower
26
Solar Dish Engine System
27
Disadvantages of Solar Energy Technologies
  • Expense
  • Only works during the day
  • Requires backup energy sources, e.g., batteries
  • Some climates not sunny enough

28
Promise of Solar Energy (More or Less?)
  • The use of solar electrical power will
  • create ____ reliance on coal or nuclear power.
  • lead to significantly _____ acid rain.
  • produce ____ electrical power for villages in
    developing countries.

29
Hidden Costs of Traditional Energy Sources
  • Air pollution
  • Strip-mining
  • Nuclear wastes

30
Indirect Solar Energy
  • Hydropower
  • Wind power
  • Biomass energy

31
Hydropower Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Level of pollution generated
  • Level of environmental degradation
  • Amount of energy produced

32
Hydropower Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Geographical distribution of energy produced
  • Ecological impacts above and below dam
  • Societal disruptions

33
Wind Power Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Size limitations of wind turbines
  • Megawatts of electricity produced
  • Level of pollution generated

34
Wind Power Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Level of environmental degradation
  • Geographical distribution of energy produced
  • Aesthetics

35
Biomass Energy
  • Burning firewood
  • Burning wastes
  • Burning biogas (methane)

36
Biomass Energy Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Availability of the biomass resource
  • Access to the biomass resource
  • Public acceptance and utilization of biomass
    energy
  • Past history of human harvests within a maximum
    sustained yield

37
Renewable Energy and Transportation
  • Biofuels ethanol and biodiesel
  • Hydrogen the fuel for the future

38
HydrogenOxygen Fuel Cell
39
Fuel Cells Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Substitute for fossil fuels
  • Pollution factor
  • Production technology
  • Portability
  • National distribution system

40
Additional Renewable Energy Options
  • Geothermal energy
  • Tidal power
  • Ocean thermal-energy conversion (OTEC)

41
Geothermal Energy Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Consistent source
  • Level of pollution
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Technology required for extraction
  • Geographical distribution of energy produced

42
Geothermal Heat Pump System
43
Tidal Power Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • Consistent source
  • Level of pollution
  • Cost-effectiveness
  • Technology required for extraction
  • Geographical distribution of energy produced

44
OTEC Benefits or Drawbacks?
  • In an average day the heat absorbed by the
    surface water in only one square mile is
    equivalent to the burning of 7,000 barrels of oil
  • Cost effectiveness to capture and distribute heat
    energy
  • Industrial interest in the OTEC alternative

45
Policy for a Sustainable Energy Future
  • National energy policy
  • A clean energy blueprint

46
National Energy Policy (True or False)
  • Mandates to increase fuel efficiency in cars
  • Exploitation of public lands for fossil fuel
    reserves
  • Subsidies to producers of solar energy technology
  • Research and development on renewable energy
    technologies

47
A Clean Energy Blueprint
  • Supply side
  • Establish a Renewable Portfolio Standard
  • Maintain production tax credits
  • Extend net metering
  • Substantially increase research-and-development
    on renewable energy and efficiency

48
A Clean Energy Blueprint
  • Demand side
  • Improve efficiency standards
  • Enhance building codes
  • Provide incentives for combined heat and power
    facilities
  • Raise fuel economy (CAFÉ) standards
  • Increase research and development on
    high-efficiency vehicles (hybrid electric and
    fuel cell vehicles).

49
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50
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51
End of Chapter 14
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