OECD Bilateral Trade Database - by Industry and by End-use (BTDIxE)

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OECD Bilateral Trade Database - by Industry and
by End-use (BTDIxE)

• S. Zhu, N. Yamano and A. Cimper
• Directorate for Science Technology and Industry
• WPTGS 8th November 2011
• (Colin Webb)

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Why BTDIxE ?

• To better understand structural changes in
  international trade
• Contribute to analyses of global production
  networks, regional integration etc. via linking
  of national Input-Output tables e.g. work of CIIE
• Input into OECD Trade in Value Added project
• General tool for empirical analyses to address
  policy issues in areas of Trade, Industry,
  infrastructure, environment, innovation
• Replaces existing OECD Bilateral Trade by
  industry Database (BTD)

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Coverage

• Exports and imports of goods, 1988-2010
• Countries (reporters and partners)
• 34 OECD countries
• 30 non-Members to cover (or complete) BRIICS /
  EU27 / G20 / ASEAN9 / CEFTA
• Two additional partners Rest of World and
  Unspecified
• Industries
• About 40 activities mainly covering agriculture,
  mining and manufacturing generally 2-digit ISIC
  Rev.3
• 4 technology intensity groups
• 8 categories of waste, scrap, recycled goods

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End-use categories
Broad Economic Categories (BEC) codes in
parentheses
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BTDIxE end-use categories

• 3 SNA end-use categories
• Intermediate inputs
• Household consumption
• Capital goods
• 5 mixed end-uses
• packed medicaments
• personal computers
• passenger cars
• phones (fixed and mobile)
• valuables
• other n.e.c
• (fuels and lubricants currently allocated to
  intermediate goods)

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Sources and Methods

• Source OECD ITCS / UN Comtrade annual
  merchandise trade statistics (HS 6 digit level
  approx. 5000 products)
• Standard conversion keys from HS to ISIC and HS
  to End-use category (EUC) developed for each
  version of HS (1988, 1996, 2002, 2007) and
  applied to data according to reported HS. Thus, 8
  conversion keys
• Specific adjustments for Hong Kong re-exports
• Treatment of confidential trade at 2-digit HS
  level
• Other adjustments (country specific)

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Generation of conversion keys used for BTDIxEvia
existing UNSD correspondence tables
BEC (part) Certain HS products have been
allocated to end-uses different to those implied
by UNSD HS ?BEC ? end-use conversions
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Confidential trade

• Some confidential trade at the 2-digit HS chapter
  level can be allocated to ISIC and/or end-use
• Generally apparent as the difference between
  2-digit HS data and sum of 6-digit components
• In the past, such confidential trade, and other
  special transactions, reported (in OECD ITCS)
  with codes nnCF00 or nnEUxx for 2-digit chapter
  nn
• Used less frequently in recent years and not
  present in the official UNSD HS-HS, HS-ISIC,
  HS-BEC correspondences (only regular HS 6-digit
  codes used)
• Therefore, in BTDIxE, differences between 2-digit
  and sum(6-digit) data are calculated (code
  nnADJS) before conversion keys applied

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From products to industries and end-uses
examples
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Hong Kong re-exports

• Adjustments for Hong Kong re-exports to get
  better estimates of bilateral flows to and from
  China
• Use re-exports by origin and destination from
  Hong Kong Customs and Statistics Department
• Allows for China ? Hong Kong ? China case

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(No Transcript)
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Other adjustments

• Done
• Extending estimates for some reporters e.g.
• Belgium, 1988-92 using Belgium-Luxembourg
  figures
• South Africa, 1992-99 South Africa Customs
  Union (SACU)
• Chinese Taipei, from 2007 Asia not elsewhere
  specified
• Desired
• Re-export adjustments for other major hubs such
  as Netherlands and Singapore
• Country specific adjustments e.g. for UK to deal
  with distortions in ICT trade (mid 2000s) due to
  EU VAT fraud
• Dealing with second-hand goods not identified in
  HS either for re-use e.g. transport equipment,
  or recycling e.g. discarded PCs

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Next steps

• Finish comparisons between BTDIxE and similar
  results from WIOD project
• understand origins of any differences
• Finalise BTDIxE documentation and publish as OECD
  STI Working Paper(s)
• Zhu, Yamano and Cimper, 2011 (forthcoming)
• Release data on OECD.STAT
• replacing existing BTD
• Use for inter-country I-O analyses (e.g. TiVA)
• Identify areas for improvement
• Dealing with ISIC Rev. 4

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World trade by end-use, 1990-2010
Source OECD BTDIxE, 2011 (total of imports)
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World trade by category and by originating region
1995
Source OECD Science, Technology and Industry
Scoreboard, 2011
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World trade by category and by originating region
2009
Source www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard