Immigration to the United States in the Mid-19th Century

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Immigration to the United States in the
Mid-19th Century
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Why do people immigrate?
Are they pushed out by something?
Or are they pulled in by something?
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What pulls people to immigrate to another country?

Jobs Freedoms (political) Freedoms
(religious) Family already there New
start Adventure
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What pushes people to immigrate to another
country?
Religious persecution War Dont like the
political system or leader Famine (not enough
food) Poverty lack of opportunity (no jobs)
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Pull Factors Why did people want to come to
America?

• Cheap labor needed for
• factory work
• building railroads
• building canals

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Push Factors Why did people leave their
European homelands?

• Instability in Europe
• revolutions (esp. Germany)
• famine (esp. Ireland)

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Which do you think results in MORE immigration
push or pull?
Think, Pair, Share
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Immigration to the United States, 1820s-1840s
Write a sentence that explains the chart.
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Immigration to the United States, 1821-1860
Write a sentence or two that explain the chart.
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Revolutions in Europe (1848)
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Potato Famine in Ireland
¾ crops (wheat, barley, rye) grown to sell to the
British ¼ crops grown for the Irish to eat
(potatoes) Irish Population 1844 8,400,000 1851 6
,600,000
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Good luck in America!
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New Cultures Clash!
Established Americans New Immigrants
Most were Protestant Most were Roman Catholic
Middle-class Americans were likely to drink only in private, if at all. Working-class men would go to taverns after work to gather and drink socially.
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Immigrants Face Hostility and Discrimination
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Anti-Catholicism
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Reasons for Immigrant Tensions
1. Irish immigrants were very poor WHY? 2.
Many took jobs for less money than established
Americans WHY? 3. Irish were often hired as
strike-breakers WHY? 4. Irish men replaced
mill girls WHY?
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5. Fear of Immigrant Voters
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Rise of Nativism
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"Riot at Hoboken, May 1, 1851"