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Human Rights Policy in Chechnya

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Title: Human Rights Policy in Chechnya


1
Human Rights Policy in Chechnya
  • Sydney
  • Diana
  • Hudson
  • Chris

2
Policy
  • International Actors

3
International Policy
  • What are Human Rights?
  • Policy from a National and international
    organization is determined by its political
    apparatus and the power base of that institution.

4
The United Nations
  • Power of the organization.
  • Players involved.
  • Policy towards the Chechen wars.

5
European Union, NATO, Amnesty International
  • EU and NATOs power vs. Amnesty Internationals
  • Actions taken
  • Failure of human rights

6
A History of the Chechen Conflict
  • 1991-2004

7
Post-WWII Peace and Growth1957-1980s
  • 1957 Repopulation
  • Burgeoning Wealth
  • Islamic extremism

8
Chechnya Declares Independence1991
What is an A.S.S.R.? Why does that matter?
9
Dzhokhar Dudayev1991-1996 Chechnyas First
Separatist President
  • Soviet Air Force
  • Refugees and Persecution
  • 1996 Assassinated

10
First Chechen War1994-1996
  • August 1994 Russian-backed Chechen opposition
  • Yeltsin hoping for quick victory
  • Russian air-raids and artillery
  • Chechen rebels use civilian structures for cover

War torn Grozny
11
Shamil BasayevSeparatist Warlord and Politician
  • Afgan Al-Qadia (Wahabbism) connections plus
    Chechen mafia
  • Claims responsibility for multiple acts of
    terrorism
  • Led defense of Grozny in First Chechen War
  • 1999 Chechnya-Dagestan alliance unsuccessful
  • 2002 Resigns official posts. Uncontrollable
    by separatist government

Basayev with Separatist President Maskhadov
12
Budyonnovsk Hospital Hostage CrisisJune 14-19
1995
  • Chechen rebels led by Basayev
  • Demanded end to Chechen War
  • 1,500 hostages
  • 105 civilians killed
  • 25 police and soldiers killed
  • Russian Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin agrees
    to cease-fire

13
Aslan Maskhadov1997-2005 Separatist President
  • Senior Military figure during First Chechen War
  • Peace talks with Russia
  • Coordination with the terrorist Basayev?
  • 2005 Assassinated

14
Second Chechen War1999-present
  • 1999 Incursion to Dagestan and Moscow apartment
    bombings
  • Influx of Islamic radicalism (Chechen Diaspora,
    Wahabites)
  • Chechen terror campaign escalates

1 Sept. 2004 Beslan School Hostage Crisis
15
Akhmad Kadyrov President of the Chechen Republic
  • Led jihad against Russia during First Chechen War
  • 1999 Denounced Basayevs terror campaign
  • Rejected by Maskhadovs government
  • 2003 Elected President with Russian backing

16
Ramsan KadyrovDeputy Prime Minister of the
Chechen Republic
  • Son of Akhmad Kadyrov
  • Not directly responsible to the federal Russian
    military
  • Credited with most of Russias human rights
    violations in Chechnya
  • Hero of Russia award

17
International Actors Involvement
  • United States
  • United Nations
  • Council of Europe
  • Other European Organizations

18
United States
  • 1999 Clinton accuses Russia of violating Geneva
    Convention
  • Despite US warning, Russia intensifies its
    presence in Chechnya.

Russian President Yeltsin with US President Bush
19
United States
  • February 2005 Bush and Putin meet in Slovakia

20
United Nations
  • 2001 UN condemns Russia for the conduct of its
    armed forces in Chechnya
  • 2002 UN resumes aid to Chechnya

21
United Nations
  • 2002 Putin invites UN Human Rights chief to
    visit Chechnya in the future
  • 2004 UN declares plans to increase influence in
    Chechnya

22
Council of Europe
  • 2003 PACE claims Russia failed to protect
    Chechen human rights
  • 2004 Hague agreement settled at EU/Russia Summit
  • 1 March 2005 1st round of consultations
  • 8 September 2005 2nd round of consultations

23
Other European Actors
  • OSCE in 2001 an assistance group began working
    in Chechnya
  • European Court in 2003, court decided to hear
    the 1st six cases filed by Chechens against
    Russian Army

24
Future Prospects
  • Trends
  • Recent events
  • Recommendations

25
Continuing Trends
  • Deteriorating conditions
  • Extrajudicial Executions
  • Disappearances
  • Chechen troops replacing federal troops as the
    main perpetrators of human rights abuses
  • Spreading violence to Ingushetia
  • Violence endangering NGO representatives in
    Chechnya and Ingushetia
  • Russian federal officials limiting NGO access

26
Recent Events
  • Parliamentary Elections
  • Kadyrov elected President of Chechen branch of
    United Russia Party
  • Pending Legislation

27
Recommendations
  • Russia needs to take accountability for Ramsan
    Kadyrov
  • Restructure the UN Commission on Human Rights
  • Chechnya needs to control separatist terrorists
    such as Basayev
  • The EU and Russia should focus consultations on
    future prospects
  • Make effective investigations and prosecutions
    against human rights violations
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