Title: Human Rights Policy in Chechnya
1Human Rights Policy in Chechnya
- Sydney
- Diana
- Hudson
- Chris
2Policy
3International Policy
- What are Human Rights?
- Policy from a National and international
organization is determined by its political
apparatus and the power base of that institution.
4The United Nations
- Power of the organization.
- Players involved.
- Policy towards the Chechen wars.
5European Union, NATO, Amnesty International
- EU and NATOs power vs. Amnesty Internationals
- Actions taken
- Failure of human rights
6A History of the Chechen Conflict
7Post-WWII Peace and Growth1957-1980s
- 1957 Repopulation
- Burgeoning Wealth
- Islamic extremism
8Chechnya Declares Independence1991
What is an A.S.S.R.? Why does that matter?
9Dzhokhar Dudayev1991-1996 Chechnyas First
Separatist President
- Soviet Air Force
- Refugees and Persecution
- 1996 Assassinated
10First Chechen War1994-1996
- August 1994 Russian-backed Chechen opposition
- Yeltsin hoping for quick victory
- Russian air-raids and artillery
- Chechen rebels use civilian structures for cover
War torn Grozny
11Shamil BasayevSeparatist Warlord and Politician
- Afgan Al-Qadia (Wahabbism) connections plus
Chechen mafia - Claims responsibility for multiple acts of
terrorism - Led defense of Grozny in First Chechen War
- 1999 Chechnya-Dagestan alliance unsuccessful
- 2002 Resigns official posts. Uncontrollable
by separatist government
Basayev with Separatist President Maskhadov
12Budyonnovsk Hospital Hostage CrisisJune 14-19
1995
- Chechen rebels led by Basayev
- Demanded end to Chechen War
- 1,500 hostages
- 105 civilians killed
- 25 police and soldiers killed
- Russian Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin agrees
to cease-fire
13Aslan Maskhadov1997-2005 Separatist President
- Senior Military figure during First Chechen War
- Peace talks with Russia
- Coordination with the terrorist Basayev?
- 2005 Assassinated
14Second Chechen War1999-present
- 1999 Incursion to Dagestan and Moscow apartment
bombings - Influx of Islamic radicalism (Chechen Diaspora,
Wahabites) - Chechen terror campaign escalates
1 Sept. 2004 Beslan School Hostage Crisis
15Akhmad Kadyrov President of the Chechen Republic
- Led jihad against Russia during First Chechen War
- 1999 Denounced Basayevs terror campaign
- Rejected by Maskhadovs government
- 2003 Elected President with Russian backing
16Ramsan KadyrovDeputy Prime Minister of the
Chechen Republic
- Son of Akhmad Kadyrov
- Not directly responsible to the federal Russian
military - Credited with most of Russias human rights
violations in Chechnya - Hero of Russia award
17International Actors Involvement
- United States
- United Nations
- Council of Europe
- Other European Organizations
18United States
- 1999 Clinton accuses Russia of violating Geneva
Convention - Despite US warning, Russia intensifies its
presence in Chechnya.
Russian President Yeltsin with US President Bush
19United States
- February 2005 Bush and Putin meet in Slovakia
20United Nations
- 2001 UN condemns Russia for the conduct of its
armed forces in Chechnya - 2002 UN resumes aid to Chechnya
21United Nations
- 2002 Putin invites UN Human Rights chief to
visit Chechnya in the future - 2004 UN declares plans to increase influence in
Chechnya
22Council of Europe
- 2003 PACE claims Russia failed to protect
Chechen human rights - 2004 Hague agreement settled at EU/Russia Summit
- 1 March 2005 1st round of consultations
- 8 September 2005 2nd round of consultations
23Other European Actors
- OSCE in 2001 an assistance group began working
in Chechnya - European Court in 2003, court decided to hear
the 1st six cases filed by Chechens against
Russian Army
24Future Prospects
- Trends
- Recent events
- Recommendations
25Continuing Trends
- Deteriorating conditions
- Extrajudicial Executions
- Disappearances
- Chechen troops replacing federal troops as the
main perpetrators of human rights abuses - Spreading violence to Ingushetia
- Violence endangering NGO representatives in
Chechnya and Ingushetia - Russian federal officials limiting NGO access
26Recent Events
- Parliamentary Elections
- Kadyrov elected President of Chechen branch of
United Russia Party - Pending Legislation
27Recommendations
- Russia needs to take accountability for Ramsan
Kadyrov - Restructure the UN Commission on Human Rights
- Chechnya needs to control separatist terrorists
such as Basayev - The EU and Russia should focus consultations on
future prospects - Make effective investigations and prosecutions
against human rights violations