Presentation by: Joe Wang and Shelly Xu

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NEUroglia

• Presentation by Joe Wang and Shelly Xu

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Neuroglia Supporting Cells

1. Isolate the neurons
2. Provide supporting framework
3. Act as phagocytes
4. Regulate composition of interstitial fluid

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Neuroglia in the Central Nervous System

• The Central Nervous System contains the brain and
  the spinal cord
• Functions integrating, processing, and
  coordinating sensory data and motor demands

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Ependymal Cells

• Cuboidal to columnar cells covered by cilia or
  microvilli
• Line ventricles/ brain and central canal/ spinal
  cavity
• Secretes or circulates the cerebrospinal fluid
  (CSF) that surrounds and protects the spinal cord
• Makes direct contact with glial cells in the
  surrounding neural tissue function unknown

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Astrocytes

• The largest and most numerous glial cells
• Have slender cytoplasmic extensions
• Maintains the blood-brain barrier
• Creates a 3D framework for the CNS
• Performs repairs in damaged neural tissue
• Guides neuron development
• Controls the interstitial environment

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Oligodendrocytes

• Like astrocytes, only smaller and less numerous
• Myelin - multilayered membranous wrapping
  composed of 80 lipid and 20 protein
• Cooperate in formation of myelin sheath around an
  axon Myelinate CNS
• Provide structural framework

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Microglia

• Only 5 of the CNS glial cells
• Smaller, with finer extensions
• Not developed in neural tissue
• Phagocytic white blood cells that have migrated
  across capillary walls
• Remove debris, wastes, and pathogens by
  phagocytosis.

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Neuroglia in the Peripheral Nervous System

• The Peripheral Nervous Systems contains all of
  the neural tissue outside of the CNS
• Clustered in ganglia masses
• Function delivering information to the CNS, and
  brings motor commands from CNS

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Satellite and Schwann

• Satellite cells (amphicytes) surround the neuron
  cell bodies in peripheral ganglia
• Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) form a sheath
  around every peripheral axon one cell may
  enclose segments of several unmyelinated axons

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Demyelination

• Progressive destruction of myelin sheaths in the
  CNS and PNS
• Slow loss of sensation and motor control