Title: ???? CAP??11.6??/1000?(???,1996)
1??????????
2???????
- ????????????
- ???? CAP??11.6??/1000?(???,1996)
- ????,????(?????????)?20-40
- ??????
- ????????????????
- ?????????
3?????
ß???? ???? ???????
???? ???? ???????
????? ????? ????
??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???
ß??????? ????? ????
????? ??? ???
????? ????B ????
????? ????
4??????????
- ?????????,?????????
- ????????,???????????????
- ????????????
- ??????????????????
- ???????????????????
5??????????
- ????????
- ????????
- ??????
- ?????-???????
- ??????-????
- ?????-?????
- ?????-??????
6?????????
- ??????
- ????8g/?,????6g/?
- ?????????,????
- ????????????
- ??? ??????????
- ???????(?????)
- ????????????????????
- ????????
7???????
- ?????????
- ????????????
- ???? ????????
- ???(?????)?????
- ?????
- ????? ????? Rgt50,
- ???? R80
- ??? ???? Rgt60(??????????,2003?)
- ????????
8?????
??Gc ??g-b
??????????? ???? ????
??????????? ????? ?????
?????????? ????? ?????
??Gb ????? ????? ????? ???
???? ????? ????
?????? ????? ?????
???? ????? ????
??g-c ????
????????? ???????
9???gc ??????????
gb ???????????????????????(???) ??????????????(???)
g-b ???????????????????????
?? ??????????????? ???????????????????
?? ????????????????????????????????????(???????)
10????
- ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
? - ???????????????????
- ????? ??????????
- ????(oxacillin,p12)????(cloxacillin)
- ?????? ????????????
- ??????????????
11??????
- ????(ampicillin) ????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? - ???????????????????
- 2. ????(amoxicillin) ?????????
- ?????90,???????????????
12??????
- ????(carbenicillin) ????????
- ?????????????
- 4. ????(piperacillin) ????????,????????????
- 5. ????(azlocillin) ???????????????
- 6. ????(mezlocillin) ?????,????????
13????
- ?????????????????????,??????
- ?????????,??????
- ?????????????????????
- ??????
14?????
??? ??? ???
???? cephalothin(1) ???? cefuroxime ???? cefotaxime
???? cephaloridine(2) ???? cefotiam ???? ceftazidime
???? cephalexin(4) ???? cefaclor ???? cefoperazone
???? cefazolin(5) ???? cefamandole ???? ceftriaxone
???? cephradine(6) ???? cefoxitin ???? ceftizoxime
???? cefmetazole
??? ????cefepime ????cefpirome ??? ????cefepime ????cefpirome ??? ????cefepime ????cefpirome
15?????????
- ??????,??????????,????????????
- ?ß-??????????
- ?????????
- ?????????
16???????????
- ????
- ???? ?????,??????
- ???? ??????
- ?ß????????
- ????????,????????
- ???
- ??????(???) ???? ???? ???? ???????????
- ????
- ???????????????
- ?????????????
17?????????
- ?????????????????????
- ?gc???????????,
- ?g-b???????,?????
- ?ß?????????
- ????
- ???????????CSF?
18???????????
- ????
- ????????????????????????
- ?ß???????
- ?????????,????
- ???????
- ?????????(17-30),??????,?????
- ???????????
19?????????
- ???????,?????????????
- ???????????????
- ???ß??????,?????(ESBLs)???
- ????
- ?????CSF?
20???????????
- ????
- ???????????????,???
- ??????????,????
- ???????????????????
- ?????????17,??83-96,
- ??87-90
- ??? ????????
- ??? ????7-8h,??1-2h
- ?? ????80??,??40???
- ????????
- ?????????????
21???????
- ??????????????,????????
- ???????Bush I?AmpC???
- ?????????????????????????????
- ??????????
- ??????????
- ?????2h,??????
- ?????????????????????????AmpC??
- ?????????????????????
22???????
???? Cefaclor
???? Cefprozil
????? Cefuroxime axetil
????? Ceftiam hexetil
????? Cefetamet pivoxil
????? Cefpodoxime proxetil
???? Cefixime
???? Ceftibuten
???? Cefdinir
?????? Cefditoren pivoxil
23??????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? - ????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????
24??????????
- ?????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????
25???????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? - ????????????????????
26???????
- ????????,??????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????
27???
- ?????????????????,??????????
- ????????????????????????
- ????????????????????MRS??
- ???????????,??????????????
28???Aztreonam
- ??ß????
- ????????????????,?????????????,????????????????
- ???ß????????ESBLs??
- ??0.5g,1.0g IV Cmax 58mg/L,28mg/L,???68,?????????
? - ???????????????????
29?????
- ????/????(Imipenem/cilastatin)?????
- ????,?????,??g-b?????????,??gc,?????????????
- ?ß????,??ESBLs AmpC?????
- T1/2 1h ????????cilastatin??
- ????7.5,???????????????(0.5-2),??CNS??,?????????
??? - ???????????????????????????????1-2g/?,??2-4g/?,?2
-4?????,????CNS??
30?????
- 2. ????(Meropenem),?????
- ???????????????,?g-b,??????????
- ???gc??
- ??????????,???????
- ???CNS????????????,???CNS??
- ???????????,??????????
31?????
- ????/????Panipenem/betamipron),
- ??????
- ?????????????,???????????????????,????????????
- ?????,???CNS????????????
- ????????,???CNS??
- ???????????????
- ??????????
32ß?????ß???????
????/???? Augmentin ????????????????????????????????????
????/??? Unasyn ??????????????????????
???????????????????(0.5/0.25 1.0/0.5)
????/???? Timentin ??????????????????????(3.0/0.2)
????/??? Sulperazon g-b,???????,????????(1.0/0.5, 0.5/0.5)
????/???? g-b,???????,??? (4.0/0.5, 3/0.375)
33?????
- ??? ?g-b???????,??????????,?????????????
- ????
- ????????????????gc??,??????,???????????
- ??? ???,?????
- ??? ?????????,??????
- ????????(???)
- ???? ???,????,???
- ??????????????
34?????
???? Gentamicin ??????,??46,??33,???36
???? Tobramycin ???????????,???????
???? Netilmicin ?g-b??,???????????????????????????,???????????
???? Amikacin ?????,?????
???? Isepamicin ?????,?????????? ???AMK??MRSA?????
35????
- ??????
- ?????????,??????????,????????????
- ?????????????????,??????????????
- ??????
- ??????????
36?????
- ????????
- Gc???????????
- Gb???????
- ?????????????
- ??????????????????
- ?????????????????
- ????????????????
- ??????,?????????????
- ?????????????
37??????? ??????
??? ????clarithromycin
??? ????roxithromycin
???? ????dirithromycin
???? ????fluorithromycin
???? ????azithromycin
?????? ????rokitamycin
?????miocamycin
38????????????
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? T1/2ke ?????
??? - - 1.4
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 14-57 ?
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.7 ?
?? ? ? ? ? ? 13 ?
39?????????????????
?? (mg) Cmax (mg/L) Tmax (h) T1/2 (h) AUC (mg/L.h) Bioavail () ?????()
? 500 0.3-1.8 1.7-5 1.68 6.97 16-40 26-35
?? 400 2.2 2.7 3.7-4.4 20 50 42-50
?? 300 9.1-10.8 1.5-1.9 10-13 116-132 72-85 73-96
?? 500 0.4 2.5-2.6 35-48 3.4 37 12-50
?? 500 0.3 4 33-44 0.86 15-30 15-30
?? 500 1.2-2 1-2 7.7 16.2
?? 600 1.9 0.6 2 3.7
??? 600 1.8 0.6 2 7.6
40???? ()
?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
? 491 20.4 20.6 - 0.6 5.9
?? 3437 19.6 10.6 3.9 1.6 3
?? 2917 4.1 3.1 0.5 0.6 1
?? 3995 12.0 9.6 2 0.6 0.7
?? 4263 33.1 20.0 7.6 2.8 2
?? 1581 2.9 2.5 0 0.95 -
??? 12169 0.54 0.38 0 0.15 0
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
41????????
- 1. ?????????????
- ????-????????-???
- ?????????????????
- ??-?????
- 2. ?????????????
- 3. ????,?????????
42???????????
- 1. ?????????????
- ??????(??????)???????
- ????
- 2. ????????????????
- 3. ???????????????????
- 4. ???????????(????)??????
- 5. ?????????,???(Lyme dis)
43?????
- ????(???) Lincomycin
- ????(????) Clindamycin
- ????????????????????
- ?????,?????0.3-2???
- ??????????,?????????(??????)
- ????????????????????,??????
- ??????,????????,????,
- ????
- ??2g?????250ml,??600mg??100ml)
44????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????????
- ??????????????????(??)
- ??????(?????????)
- ??? ??????????????????????????????
- 8??????????????
45???
- ???????????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ????????,????????
- ?????????
46???????????
- ?????(MRSA?)?????????
- Gc??????,?????MRS
- T1/2 4-8h,?????? 24h 80-90
- ???? ?30-40mg/L,?5-10mg/L
- ???????????????????????,??????????????
- ?? 1-2g/?,???? 0.8-1.6g/?,?2?????
47????
- ???????,??????????
- ?????????????????
- ????????
- ?????????????
- ?????????????????,????TDM???
48??? Fosfomycin
- ?????,????,???
- ?????????????????????,???gt90,??79,????77,????5
2 - ??????,??????(??,????)
- ???????????,?????????
- ?????????????,??3g???????
- ?????????????? 4-12g/?,??16g/?
49????
- ???????
- ?g-b?????,??????????????
- ?????????
- ?????????????????????????????
- ?g-b?????,??????????,????????????????????,????????
???????3-11h,?????????????? - ??g-b?????????????????????????????????????g-b?????
??????
50- ??????????,????????
- ????????????????????
- ?????????????
- ?????????
- ??????????
- ??????????????? ??????????????CNS??????(???????C
NS??),????????QTc????????????
51????????
- ???(???) metronidazole
- ???(??????) tinidazole
- ????? Clindamycin, Lincomycin
- ???? cefoxitin
- ?????????
52???????
????B amphotericin B ???????????
??? ketoconazole
??? miconazole ?????
???? itraconazole ?????,??
??? fluconazole ??????,??????
???? voriconazole ??????
???? fluorocytosine ?????
???? nystatin ??????????????
???? griseofulven ?????(?)
????? caspofungin ??????
53???????
- ???? ????????????
- (????) (?????)
- 2. ??????? ???INH,??B????(FC)
- 3. ????? ??????????
- ????
54???????
- ????????(????????)
- ????????????????
- ????????????????????
- ???????-????
- ???????-??????
- 4. ?????????????
- INH???,??BFC
55??????
- ???????????
- ????
- ????? ???????
- ??ß????
56???????
- ?????????????
- ???????,??
- ??????????????????
- ?????????
- ????,???????
- ????,????????
- ????,????????
57???????
- ????
- ??????????????
- ?????????(???????)
- ?????(15-30)??
- ?????(1??)??????(10??)
- ??????????
- ?????????????????
- ???????????