The disability- the need for accessibility ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????

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The disability- the need for accessibility
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Presented by Nazem Fawzi
BSc Science of Disability MSc. Speech- Language
Pathology
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Welcome
Welcome to the Workshop Disability and the need
for accessibility Your participation is greatly
appreciated
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Objectives

• Upon completion, participants will be able to
• Identify Concept of disability.
• Identify the (accessibility) for deferent types
  of disability .
• Identify examples of good and bad accessibility

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?? ?? ??????? ? What is a Disability

• Disability means
• A condition or function judged to be
  significantly impaired relative to the usual
  standard of an individual or group.
• A physical,mental or Sensory impairment that
  substantially limits one or more of the major
  life activities.

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??????? ???????? ??? 29 ???? 2006 Federal Law
No. (29) of the Year 2006

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• Person with Disability
• Each person with an incapacity, total or
  partial, permanent or temporary, in his physical,
  sensory, mental, communication, educational, or
  psychological abilities to an extent of being
  unable to fulfill his regular requirements

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????? ??????? ???????? Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA)

• According to the (ADA)
• disability is a physical or mental impairment
  that has a long-term or substantial effect on a
  person's ability to carry out day to day tasks

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?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? What are
Major life activities?

• Major life activities means functions such as
• Caring for one's self ( eating dressing - Use
  the toilet )
• Performing manual tasks( Hand using )
• Walking.
• Seeing.
• Hearing.
• Speaking or Communicating.
• Learning.
• Working.
• Shopping ..
• (ability to carry out day to day activities)

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??????? ????? ???????? Several Classifications
of disabilities

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• It depends on the purpose of the classification
• Educational classification-WHO Classification-Clas
  sification by degree of independency-
  Classification by causes of disability Medical
  classification .. Etc
• When talking about the need for Accessibility,
  disabilities can be classified into a 3 major
  categories

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????? ???? 3 major categories

• 1- Physical Disabilities (Mobility Impairments )
• 2- Sensory Disabilities
• 3- Mental Disabilities

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???????? ??????? Physical Disabilities

• This category includes people with varying types
  of physical disabilities including Persons with
  
• Cerebral Palsy.
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Arthritis.
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Head injury /Stroke
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Broken bone
• Spina Bifida
• Amputation/ Limbs deformities

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???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????Difficulties
faced by the physically disabled

• Physical disabilities mean that the person has
  limited control of some or all of their voluntary
  muscles.
• The difficulties faced by physically disabled
  persons vary depending on the type of disability
  , the muscles affected by disability , severity
  of disability and assistive devices used by
  physically disabled person.

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Example of devices used by persons with Physical
Disabilities
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??????? ??? ??????? ??????? Persons with Mental
Retardation

• The majority of people with mental retardation
  have mild retardation. These people generally
  develop sufficient academic, social, and
  communication skills to live and work
  independently.
• moderate mental retardation generally develop
  self-care skills but have more difficulty
  developing academic, social, and job-related
  skills.
• severe to profound mental retardation are the
  most severely disabled. These individuals may
  have very limited communication and self-care
  skills. Often, they need to live in a highly
  controlled environment.

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??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? People Who Are Deaf
or Hard of Hearing

• Hearing impairments vary greatly from mild
  hearing loss to profound deafness.
• The term hard-of-hearing describes those who
  have mild to moderate hearing loss.
• Mild hearing loss includes those who are able to
  hear everything except very high-pitched sounds.
• Moderate hearing loss describes people unable to
  hear a conversation without amplification.

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• Deaf includes people with severe to profound
  hearing loss, who are unable to hear anything but
  the loudest sounds, such as a jet airplane.
• People with hearing impairments are generally
  dependent on visual cues for communication. The
  degree of dependence is based on the severity of
  the hearing loss and whether or not they wear a
  hearing aid.
• communicate with sign language.

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??????? ???????? ????? People Who Are Blind or
Who Have Vision Impairments

• The term visual impairment is used to describe
  many degrees of vision loss, including low
  vision, legally blind, and totally blind.
• low vision is defined as an uncorrectable visual
  impairment that interferes with a persons
  ability to perform everyday activities gt
• The term legally blind encompasses individuals
  whose central visual acuity does not exceed
  20/200 in the better eye with corrective lenses
  or whose visual field is less than an angle of 20
  degrees.

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• Total blindness is the complete absence of
  vision and light perception.
• Some persons may be able to see an object
  clearly, but only if it is very close to them.
  Others may have central vision and see only a
  narrow field, as if they were in a tunnel. Some
  may have only peripheral or side vision, and
  cannot see in front of them while others may see
  the entire field, but only shadows of objects.
  persons with visual impairments may need bright,
  even light to see however for others, too much
  glare from a bright light may hurt their eyes.

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??????? ?????? Color Contrast
????? ???? ???? Bad contrast                                                                  

• ????? ???? ??? Good Contrast

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?????? ??????? Accessibility

• Accessibility is a general term used to describe
  the degree to which a device, services,
  environment , entities , building or facilityare
  accessible by as many people as possible.
• Our meaning of accessibility specifically focuses
  on people with disabilities and their right of
  access (With or without the use of assistive
  devices ) to anywhere that other persons can
  access

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??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? Accessibility
ability to access

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• The extent to which a facility is readily
  approachable and usable by individuals with
  disabilities, particularly
• Places of employment
• Public areas- (Public buildings - public Park
  Shopping Malls )
• Public Transport

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  ....??? .

• Accessibility does not mean special entrances
  for the disabled, special Toilet , special ATM
  or special public phone.etc.
• Accessibility mean that people with disability
  can use all these services and facilities, like
  the other people.
• The term include using Braille signage,
  wheelchair ramps, elevators , audio signals at
  pedestrian crossings, walkway contours, website
  design, accessible parking . and so on.

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Accessibility features Residential building

• 1-Accessible parking
• 2-Accessible building entrance .
• 3-Accessible public use areas.
• 4-Accessible doors usable by a person in a
  wheelchair and other disability .
• 5-Accessible route (Hallways and Corridors) into
  and through the dwelling unit.

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??????? ??????? Residential building

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• Accessible Elevators
• Accessible locations for light switches,
  electrical outlets, and air-conditioning
  controls
• Accessible toilet , bathrooms kitchen.
• Accessible evacuation system.

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?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? Accessibility
in public buildings

• Different countries have different regulations
  regarding the accessibility of public buildings
• Accessible parking(1/25)
• Accessible entrances
• shall be part of an accessible route
• connected with an accessible route to public
  transportation stops, to accessible parking, to
  public streets or sidewalks
• at least 50 of all public entrances must be
  accessible)

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  ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
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  1/25 ).
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• 50 ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
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?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
Accessibility in public buildings

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• Signs indicating the location of specific
  facilities and services.
• Accessible Doors.
• Ease of access to aid stations facilities ..
• Accessible route from entrances to all parts of
  building bank, barber shop, beauty shop, travel
  service, shoe repair service,
• Accessible restrooms- lavatory to the persons
  with various disability ,eg physical or visual
  disability.

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Accessibility in public buildings

• Accessible drinking fountains- ATM
• ( Automatic Teller machines ) Computers
  information counters ticketing systems , etc .
• Accessible restaurants- waiting area shops,
  dining areas , dressing Fitting room etc .
• Amplified telephones and text telephones (TTs)
  for use by persons with hearing and speech
  impairments and accessible telephones for use by
  persons with visual disability
• Accessible evacuation system in case of Emergency

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????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? Examples of
good accessibility.
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• ???? ???? ??? ?????? visual indicators

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Is this O.K ?

• Disabled Toilet !
  

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Examples of bad accessibility
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• ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????
• Using accessible toilets as store rooms

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• ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? .
• Door knob extremely difficult for people with
  hand, wrist or arm disabilities to use.

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International symbol for accessibility
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• ???? ??? ??????
• Thanks for your attention