World War II

1
World War II

• 1939-1945

2
Hitlers Lightning War

• Germany used Blitzkrieg or lightening war
• Planes bombed airfields, factories, towns, etc.
• Then tanks and troops roared into the country
• Poland was conquered within a month
• Soviet forces took control of
• Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and part of Finland
• April 1940 Germans in Norway, Denmark,
  Netherlands and Belgium

3
France Falls to Axis Powers

• Germany heads toward Paris Italy declares war
  on France
• June 22, 1940 French surrender
• Southern part left as a puppet government headed
  by Marshal Philippe Petain.
• Headquarters in the city of Vichy

4
France (cont.)

• Charles de Gaulle French general, set up a
  government in exile in London.
• Committed to re-conquering France.
• Organized Free French military who battled the
  Nazis until France was liberated in 1944.

5
Hitler and the Nazis in Paris
6
WWII Technology

• Air power takes prominent role
• Luftwaffe- German air force
• Parachute troops role increases
• Tanks were much improved from WWI
• Deadlier bombs
• Radar to detect planes
• Sonar to detect submarines

7
Operation Sea Lion

• The Battle of Britain
• Known as the London Blitz
• 8/12/1940 air attacks on southern England
• Germans bombed London for 57 nights
• Considered a failure because British did not quit
• Continued until May 10,1941

8
Damages from the London Blitz
9
Damages from the London Blitz
10
Damages from the London Blitz
11
The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front

• Mussolini takes North Africa in September of 1940
  while the Battle of Britain was going on.
• Attacked British controlled Egypt.
• Britain strikes back in December and by February
  1941 Italy needs help.

12
The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front (Cont.)

• Germans come in with the Afrika Korps and win
  victories over the British in northern Africa
• Led by General Erwin Rommel Desert Fox
• Italy takes Greece and Yugoslavia

13
The Desert Fox Erwin Rommel
14
Operation Barbarossa

• 1941 attempted conquest of the USSR
• Why invade USSR?
• Plentiful Soviet resources
• 3 million Germans caught Stalin unprepared
• USSR lost 2.5 million troops
• Germans were halted by Russian weather
• Many Russian people suffered starvation

15
(No Transcript)
16
American Involvement Grows

• Lend-Lease Act (1941)
• Selling or lending of war materials to countries
  Vital to US defense
• Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941)
• FDR and Churchill agree on the Final destruction
  of Nazi tyranny

17
Pearl Harbor Day of Infamy

• 12/7/1941Japan surprise attacks American fleet _at_
  Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
• 2,400 American deaths
• US declares war on Japan (12/8/1941)
• Germany, Italy declare war on US four days later

18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
Total War

• Factories stopped making cars refrigerators
  made planes tanks
• Shoes and sugar were rationed
• Use of propaganda
• War ended unemployment of the depression
• Japanese people in US and Canada
• Lost their jobs and property
• Forced into camps
• Seen as a security risk

22
US Propaganda Anti - German
23
US Propaganda Anti - Japanese
24
US Propaganda Anti - Japanese
25
War Bond Advertisements
26
Do your part Campaign
27
No room for debate
28
Japanese Internment Camps 1942-1945

• US government forced over 100,000
  Japanese-Americans to relocate
• Mostly from the western states
• Many lost their homes and businesses
• Could only keep what they could carry
• Conditions in camps
• Barbed-wire-surrounded
• Un-partitioned toilets
• Cots for beds
• Armed guards

29
Japanese Internment Camps
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Operation Torch

• The North African Campaign (1942)
• Allied invasion of North Africa
• Led by British and US Forces
• British led by Gen. Bernard Montgomery
• US led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• Turning point in North Africa
• El Alamein, Egypt
• British forces finally stop Gen. Irwin Rommel

33
The Red Army Resists

• Turning Point in the Soviet Union
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Street by street and house by house battles
• Over one million Soviet soldiers died
• 1943 Germans surrender 300,000 killed or
  injured
• Soviets then drive Germans back through USSR

34
Mission to Take Back France

• Turning Point in Europe
• D-Day June 6th 1944
• Allied paratroopers and ferried troops (176,000)
• Fought against heavy gunfire _at_ the Battle of
  Normandy
• By September France was free
• Now Allies push towards Germany

35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
Allies advance into Germany
39
Allies advance into Italy

• Allied forced landed in Sicily in 1943
• Controlled Sicily in one month
• Italy surrendered within two months
• Fighting continued until the end of the war
• Guerillas capture and execute Mussolini
• Created another front for the Germans to worry
  about

40
Battle of the Bulge

• Germany fought on three fronts
• US to the west (in France)
• Soviet Union to the east
• US and UK to the south (in Italy)
• Germany on the offensive for the last time
• 75-mile front in the Ardennes Forest
• Germans able to push into Allied lines
• Ultimately unsuccessful push

41
The End in Europe

• Germany surrounded by Allied Forces
• Hitler commits suicide (4/30/1945) in his
  underground bunker
• May 7th Germany surrenders
• May 8th VE Day or Victory in Europe Day

42
Surrender in France
Surrender in USSR
43
The Pacific Campaign

• Major Battles
• Battle of the Coral Sea
• New style of fighting ships used airplanes
  instead of mounted guns
• US stopped the Japanese southward advance
• Battle of Guadalcanal
• Six month battle
• US Marines captured a huge Japanese Air Force
  base
• Japanese lost 24,000 troops

44
Toward Victory

• Turning Point in the Pacific Campaign
• Battle of Midway Island
• Japanese Navy would reach no further
• US now started to push closer to Japan
• Marked the beginning of Island Hopping
• The recapture some islands while bypassing others
  

45
Island Hopping
46
Island Hopping
47
Defeat of Japan Invasion vs. the Bomb

• FDR dies--Harry Truman takes office
• US estimated that an invasion would cost millions
  or more in casualties
• Why did Truman drop the A-Bomb?
• An invasion would be too costly
• To impress the Soviet Union with US power

48
The Atomic Bomb

• Hiroshima (8/6/45)
• Plane was the Enola Gay
• Atomic Bomb named Little Boy
• Killed more than 70,000
• Nagasaki (8/9/45)
• Plane was Bockscar
• Atomic bomb named Fat Man
• Killed more than 40,000 people
• September 2nd 1945
• Peace treaty is signed

49
Hiroshima
50
Hiroshima
51
Hiroshima
52
Nagasaki
53
Nagasaki
54
Atomic Bomb Survivors
55
Atomic Bomb Survivors
56
The Holocaust Nazi Genocide of the Jews

• Kill all people who were racially inferior
• Jews, Slavs, gypsies and mentally ill
• Forced Jews to live in ghettos and concentration
  camps and wear yellow stars
• Final Solution of the Jewish problem Genocide

57
The Death Camps

• Auschwitz, Sobidor, Treblinka Lodz
• Gassed in showers and used in medical experiments
• By 1945, over 6 million Jews were killed
• 5 million other people were killed as well

58
The Infamous Yellow Stars
59
THE WARSAW GHETTO
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
Auschwitz

• Location Poland 37 miles west of Krakow
• Operational May 1940 Jan. 1945
• Estimated 1.1 million killed here
• Largest of the German concentration camps.
• The SS authorities established three main camps
  near the Polish city of Oswiecim
• Auschwitz I in May 1940
• Auschwitz II (also called Auschwitz-Birkenau) in
  early 1942
• Auschwitz III (also called Auschwitz-Monowitz) in
  October 1942.

63
Wall where prisoners were shot after trials.
Auschwitz I
64
(No Transcript)
65
Block 11, also known as the death block, since it
was known no prisoners who went in here came back
alive.
66
Gallow, where the SS officer in charge of the
camp was hung at the end of the war.
67
(No Transcript)
68
Auschwitz- Birkenau
69
Death's Gate
70
(No Transcript)
71
What is left of the wood camp.
The brick camp, currently undergoing preservation
72
Tracks leading into Birkenau
73
Track platform, where selection took place.
Before liberation there had been two gas chambers
at the end of the tracks on each side.
74
Auschwitz (cont.)

• On January 27, 1945, Auschwitz was liberated by
  Soviet troops, a day commemorated around the
  world as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
  
• In 1947, Poland founded a museum on the site of
  Auschwitz I and II, which
• By 1994 had seen 22 million visitors700,000
  annuallypass through the iron gates crowned with
  the infamous motto, Arbeit macht frei ("work
  makes you free").

75
Results of World War II

• Casualties
• Estimated 60 million people died from the war
• Genocide
• Due to the Final Solution
• Occupation
• Control of Germany and Japan

76
Aftermath of World War II

• War Crimes Trials
• The Split of Germany
• The Creation of the United Nations
• The Beginning of the Cold War

77
War Crimes Trials

• The Holocaust
• Death camp evidence discovered after the war
• Nuremberg Trials
• Crimes against humanity
• Trials showed that political military leaders
  could be accountable for wartime actions

78
Postwar Japan

• Defeat left country in ruins.
• Was stripped of its colonial empire.
• Occupied by the US

US General Douglas MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito
79
Occupation by US

• General Douglas MacArthur in charge of US
  occupation
• Began process of demilitarization
• Disbanded Japanese army.
• Left with a small by police force.
• Democratization of Japan
• Drew up new constitution for Japan Feb. 1946
• Accepted and went into affect May 3, 1947.

80
Occupation Brings Deep Changes

• Japan now a constitutional monarchy.
• Emperor no longer considered divine
• Became just a figurehead
• New constitution guaranteed that the political
  power rest the people
• Two House Parliament elected by the people called
  the Diet
• All citizens over the age of 20, including women
  had the right to vote
• Article 9 stated the Japanese could no longer
  make war, only fight if they were attacked.

81
Occupation (cont.)

• Sept. 1951 the US and 47 other national sign of
  formal treaty with Japan.
• This officially ended the war.
• Six months later US occupation was over.
• Japan agreed to a continuing US presence to
  protect their country.

82
The Creation of the United Nations

• Allies set up international organization to
  ensure peace
• General Assembly all nations belong
• Security Council
• 5 Permanent members US, Russia, Britain, France
  and China

83
The United Nations