This Week

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Business

• Quiz grading?
• Some answers that were meant to be partial
  credit, were marked all or nothing,
• If this happened to you, drop off suspect quizzes
  in my mailbox in room 315.
• Ill post all grades (as well as extra credit)
  Week 10 (Friday).

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Seminar

• Wednesday, June 5, Biology 212, 4 pm
• " Mining the Human Genome Using Protein Structure
  Homology ",
• Randall Ketchem, Immunex Corporation.

5 points for attendance, 1-5 points each person
for good questions during the Q/A period after
the talk.
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This Week

• Chapters 9, 10.1 and 10.4 - 10.7 for reference,
• exam material will be on lecture content for the
  above,
• sample questions, and questions for these
  chapters are posted.
• Exam Friday Assignments in Chapters 6, 11, 8, 9
  and 10. All lecture material.

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RNA can be Autocatalytic

• Group I and Group II introns,
• found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
  sometimes in bacteria,

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Group II Introns
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Eukaryotic Intron Excision(not autocatalytic)
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Spliceosomes

• ... small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)
• RNA molecules that act as catalysts in
  spliceosomes,
• catalytic RNAs that have probably evolved from
  ancient RNA enzymes (ribozymes).
• work in concert with gt 50 proteins to facilitate
  intron identification and removal,
• snRNPs RNA/Potein structures.

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U1 and U2

• U1 binds to the 5 exon/intron junction.
• U2 binds to the adenosine at the branch site.

Think about the required specificity for intron
identification in cells.
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mRNA Processing
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Polyadenylation
AAUAA concensus poly-A recognition site.
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Alternate mRNA Processing
recognition of different poly-A sites.
alternate splicing.
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Complexity

• Calcitonin gene.

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Central Dogma
DNA
transcription
RNA
(alternately processed)
translation
Protein
?
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Expanded Central Dogma

• Genome... the dynamic complement of genetic
  material in an individual,
• Transcriptome... mRNA component in an
  individual,
• complexity increases resulting from transcription
  control and transcription and post-transcription
  modification,
• Proteome... the protein component of an
  individual,
• complexity increases due to post-translational
  modification, protein-protein interactions, etc.

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Translation

• the synthesis of a polypeptide. This occurs on
  ribosomes using the information encoded on mRNA,
• tRNA molecules mediate the transfer of
  information between mRNA and the growing
  polypeptide.

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Initiation

• el elongation factors.

Recent reports of alternate translation start
sites indicate that further complexity in protein
production amy occr at the translational level.
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tRNA
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The Ends to the Means

• Specific anti-codons for specific amino acid
  designation.
• anti complementary

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Ribosomes

• a supramolecular complex of rRNA and proteins,
  approximately 18 - 22 nm in diameter,
• the site of protein synthesis,

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Ribosome Structure
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Structure/Function
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Initiation
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Elongation (3 steps)
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Peptide Linkage
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Termination
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N-Terminus --gt C-Terminus

• ...polypeptides are synthesized beginning from
  the N-terminus (amino terminus) and going to the
  C-terminus (carboxy terminus),
• this corresponds to the 5-3 DNA Coding
  sequence.

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After the Exam

• Functional Genomics
• finish reading Chapter 11,
• More Chapters - or - Jeffs Journal Club?

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If Jeffs Journal Club?

• Final 2 of the following 3 choices,
• 1 hour exam covering recent materials,
• 2 page review of an assigned paper,
• Self-study of a remaining chapter in the text,
  answers to the odd problems.

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If not Jeffs Journal Club?

• Chapter 11 and 12, plus Lectures (mostly
  Lectures),
• Final (2 hours)
• 1 hour covering recent materials,
• 1 hour of integrative questions.