CONCEPTS OF HEALTH

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CONCEPTS OF HEALTH DISEASE ANDHISTORY OF
DISEASE
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AGENT HOSTENVIRONMENT

• INFECTION DISEASE
• DEPEND UPON FACTORS CONTACT BETWEEN
• INFECTIOUS AGENT AND A SUSCEPTIBLE PERSON KNOWN
  AS THE HOST.
• THE DURATION AND EXTENT OF ITS EXCRETION
• FROM AN INFECTED PERSON.
• THE CLIMATIC CONDITION AFFECTING SURVIVAL OF THE
  AGENT.

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RELATIONSHIP AMONG INFECTIOUS AGENTS OF DISEASE ,
THE HUMAN HOST AND HIS ENVIRONMENT ALSO EXIST
AMONG NON INFECTIOUS ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS - HOST
- ENVIRONMENT

• For example
• CANCER
• Maybe depend apon the extent of EXPOSURE to the
  CARCINOGENIC AGENT , the dose of the agent, the
  genetic and the environment.

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CLASSIFICATION OF AGENTS, HOST AND ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR

• AGENTS OF DISEASE AS EXAMPLE
• Etiological Factors
• 1.Nutritive elements
• Excesses --------------- Cholesterol
• Deficiencies --------------- Vitamins,
  Proteins
• 2.Chemical agents
• Poisons --------------- CO gas, CCl4,
  Drugs Allergens --------------- Regweed,
  Medication
• 3.Physical agents -------------------------------
  ---- Ionizing radiation
• 4.Infectious agents Bacteria -------------
  Typhoid, TBC.
• Parasite ------------- Hookworm
• Virus ------------- Hepatitis A, Mumps

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HOSTS FACTOR (INTRINSIC FACTORS) INFLUENCE
EXPOSURE , SUSCEPTABILITY OR RESPONSE TO
AGENTS

• Example
• 1.Genetic Sickle cell disease
• 2.Physiologic State Fatique, Fregnancy, Stress.
• 3.Human Behavcior Personal hygiene
• Food handling
• Diet
• Recreation
• Utilization of Health Resources

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ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

• 1.BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
• - Infectious agent of disease
• - Reservoir of infection (animal)
• - Vector which transmit disease
• (flies and mosquito)
• - Plants and animals
• (food )

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ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

• 2.SOSIAL ENVIRONMENT
• - Economic
• - Political organization
• - Culture
• - Community

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ENVIRONMENT FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS)

• 3.PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
• - Heat
• - Light
• - Air
• - Water
• - Radiation
• - Gravity
• - Atmospheric pressure
• - Chemical agents of all kinds

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INTERRELATION OF FACTORS)(ECOLOGIC MODELS)

• THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIANGLE
• HOST
• AGENT ENVIRONMENT

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WHEEL MODELS OF MAN-ENVIRONMENTINTERACTION

• HOST Genetic
• 
  core
• 
  
• Physical
• Environment
• Social
• Environment
• BIOLOGI
• ENVIRONMENT

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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR (EXTRINSIC FACTORS)
INFLUENCE EXISTENCE OF THE AGENTS , EXPOSURE OR
SUSCEPTABILITY TO AGENTS

• Example
• 1.Physical environment Geology , Climate
• 2.Biologic environment
• Human population Density
• Flora Source of food
• Fauna Food sources, Vector
• 3.Sosioeconomic
• Environment occupation Exposure to chemical
  agents
• Urbanization Urban crowding

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CAUSATION OF DISEASES

• GENETIC FACTORS
• ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
• (INCLUDING BEHAVIOURS)

POOR HEALTH
GOOD HEALTH
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NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
DEATH

GOOD HEALTH
SUBCLINICAL CHANGES
CLINICAL CHANGES
RECOVERY
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

• CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
  EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
• 1.Dynamics of Spread through Human Population
  Sample
• A.Spread by common vehicle
• INGESTION WITH WATER-FOOD-BEVERAGE Salmonella
• INHALATION IN AIR BREATHED Flu
• INOCULATION (INTRAVENOUS-SUBCUTANEOUS) Hepatitis
  B
• B.Propagation by serial transfer
• From HOST to HOST.
• -RESPIRATORY ROUTE OF TRANSFER Measles
• -ANAL-ORAL ROUTE Shigellosis
• -GENETAL ROUTE Syphilis

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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

• CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
  EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
• 2.Portal of Entry (and Portal of Exit) Samples
• in Human Host
• -Upper Respiratory Tract Diphtheria
• Lower Respiratory Tract Tuberculosis
• Gastrointestinal Tract Typhoid fever
• Genitourinary Tract Gonorrhea
• Conjunctiva Trachoma
• Percutaneous Leprospirosis
• Percutaneous (bite of arthropod) Yellow fever

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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

• CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
  EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
• 3.Principal Reservoir of Infection Samples
• -Man Infectious hepatitis
• -Other vertebrates (zoonoses) Tularemia
• -Agent free living Histoplasmosis

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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

• CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
  EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
• 4.Cycles of Infections Agent in Nature Samples
• -Man man Inluenza
• -Man arthropod man Malaria
• -Vertebrate-vertebrate-man Psitacosis
• -Vertebrate-artropod-vertebrate-man Viral ence
• phalitis

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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY MODE OF
TRANSMISSION

• CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN INFECTIONS BY SELECTED
  EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURE
• 5.Complex Cycles Samples
• In certain helminth infections
  Paragonimiasis
• The cycle is as follow
• Ovum miracidium cercaria adult ovum
• ( in snail ) (in crab, (in man)
• crayfish)

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NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
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STATENATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE

• STAGE OF
• SUSCEPTIBILITY
• PRESYMPTOMATIC DISEASE
• CLINICAL DISEASE
• DISABILITY

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STATEOF SUSCEPTIBILITY

• RELATION BETWEEN
• HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT
• RISK FACTOR
• HOST (fatique) ? ALCOHOL ? PNEMONIA
• OBESITAS ? SMOKING ? CORONAIR HD.
• SUSCEPTIBILITY, RELATED TO
• AGE-SEX-LIFE STYLE-CULTURE-ETC

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STATEOF PRESYMPTOMATIC DISEASE

• DISEASE NOT CLEAR
• PATHOLOGIC DISORDER IS CLEAR
• DISORDER STILL UNDER CLINICAL HORISON LINE. ( THE
  BORDERS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PATHOLO
• GICAL CONDITION)
• Eq. Atherosclerotic () before SUDDEN
• DEATH

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STATEOF CLINICAL DISEASE

• CHANGES OF ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OF ORGANS
• SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES ()
• DISEASE CAN CLASIFIED
• ACCOEDING TO LOCATION
• HISTOLOGICAL
• PSYCHOSOSIAL

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STATEOF DISABILITY

• DISEASE ? CURE ? DISABLE ? DEATH
• Eq. VIRUS DISEASE ?SELF LIMITING DISEASE.?
  COMPLICATION (ENCHEPHALITIS)
• HT ? STROKE ? HEMIPLEGIA.