Biomes Foldable

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Biomes Foldable
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Biomes

• Large geographic areas that have similar climates
  and ecosystems.
• Include both land and aquatic systems.
• Land Tundra, Taiga, Deciduous forest, Tropical
  Rain Forest, Desert, Grassland.
• Aquatic Freshwater, Marine, Estuary

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Tundra a cold, treeless region

• Abiotic factors
• precipitation less than 25 cm per year
• Avg. temperature -12C
• Permafrost permanently frozen soil. Only the
  top few inches thaw in the summer making it hard
  for large trees to grow.
• Sunlight experiences complete night for 3
  months of the year during winter.

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Tundra continued

• Biotic Factors
• Plants adapted to living in extreme cold with
  little water
• Ex moss, lichens, grasses, small shrubs
• Animals adapted to the cold may migrate or
  change color by season
• Ex migratory birds like duck, geese, shorebirds,
  and songbirds. Also hawks, snow owls, willow
  grouse, mice, voles, lemmings, arctic hares,
  caribou, reindeer, musk ox, mosquitoes, black
  flies, and other biting insects.

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Taiga cold, forest region dominated by
cone-bearing evergreen trees.

• Abiotic factors
• Precipitation 35cm to 100 cm a year
• Avg. temperatures -50C to 30C
• Permafrost only in extreme northern regions
• Sunlight winter lasts for 5-6 months with the
  sun barely rising over the horizon during this
  time

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Taiga - continued

• Biotic Factors
• Plant life adapted to the cold and short
  growing season
• Ex Conifers (evergreen trees), moss, lichen
• Animal life adapted to cold
• Ex moose, lynx, shrews, bears, foxes

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Deciduous Forest temperate forest with four
distinct seasons

• Abiotic Factors
• Avg. precipitation 75cm to 150 cm per year
• Avg. temperature 5.5C to 15.6C
• Sunlight varying amounts of sunlight causing 4
  distinct seasons

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Deciduous Forest continued

• Biotic Factors
• Plant life adapted to seasonal changes in
  sunlight, water, and temperature
• Ex giant trees like oaks, maples, and birch
• Animal life also adapted for each season may
  hibernate through winter
• Ex white-tail deer, bears, squirrels, chipmunk,
  elk, mountain lion, bobcat, raccoon, and skunk

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Tropic Rain Forest large forests near the
equator with warm, wet weather and lush plant
growth.

• Abiotic factors
• Avg. precipitation 200 - 600 cm a year
• Avg. temperature about 25C year round
• Sunlight amount of sunlight does NOT change
  throughout the year, so its summer all the time.

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Tropical Rain Forest

• Biotic factors
• Plant life adapted to warm temps. and large
  amounts of rain. Adaptations include large broad
  leaves, deep roots, or growing without soil
• Ex giant trees, vines, moss, orchids
• Animal life adapted to live in trees, or in the
  dark mud below, and for warm temperatures
• Ex large birds like parrots and macaws, monkeys,
  primates, insects, reptiles, amphibians.

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Desert large dry regions with mostly thin
sandy, or gravelly soil.

• Abiotic factors
• Avg. precipitation less than 25 cm a year
• Avg. temperatures 0C to 45C
• Soil sandy, or gravelly, sand dunes are common
• Sunlight reaches the ground due to lack of
  vegetation. Causes vary cold nights.

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Desert - Continued

• Biotic factors
• Plant life adapted to extreme dryness and
  temperature changes. Leaves are spiny to prevent
  water loss.
• Ex cactus, Joshua tree, creosote bush
• Animal life adapted to survive with very little
  water. Usually nocturnal
• Ex scorpions, kangaroo rat, snakes, rabbits,
  birds, coyote

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Grassland temperate and tropical regions with
grass

• Abiotic factors
• Avg. precipitation 25 to 75 cm per year
• Avg. temperature -20C to 30C
• Sunlight changes with the seasons

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Grasslands continued

• Biotic factors
• Plant life must be adapted to survive a dry
  season
• Ex grasses, wheat, rye, oats, barley, and corn
• Animal life adapted to seasonal changes in
  water and sunlight
• Ex zebras, elephants, giraffes, lions, hawks,
  mice, insects, snakes

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Freshwater from small ponds and streams to
large rivers and lakes

• Abiotic factors
• The faster the water flows the more oxygen the
  water contains
• Slower moving water like in ponds, contains more
  nutrients
• Sunlight reaches no more than 200 meters down, so
  life is not found beyond that point

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Freshwater continued

• Biotic Factors
• Plant life abundant in slow moving water
• Ex algae, aquatic plants like elodea, reeds,
  rushes, cattails, water lilies, etc.
• Animal life adapted to speed and temperature of
  water
• Ex fish, snails, mussels, water snakes,
  insects, amphibians, ducks, beaver, otters, river
  dolphins

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Marine saltwater (95 of Earths water)

• Abiotic factors
• Below 200 meters organisms survive without light
  using a process called chemosynthesis.
• Above 200 meters uses photosynthesis
• Water temperatures vary depending on latitude,
  and depth
• Salinity changes with depth

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Marine continued

• Biotic Factors
• Plant and animals life must be adapted to
  salinity, temperature, and amount of sunlight
  available
• Plants phytoplankton, algae, sea weed
• Animals coral, sponges, sea stars, crab,
  lobsters, fish, shark, whales, dolphins, eels

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Estuary areas where rivers meet an ocean and
the fresh and salty water mix.

• Abiotic factors
• Salinity changes depending on amount of fresh
  water flowing from rivers, and incoming salt
  water from tides

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Estuary continued

• Biotic factors
• Plants and animals must be adapted to
  continuously changing salt levels
• Plant life algae, salt tolerant grasses,
  mangroves
• Animal life shrimp, crab, clams, oysters,
  snails, worms, fish, manatee