A Short Guide to Action Research 4th Edition

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A Short Guide to Action Research4th Edition

• Andrew P. Johnson, Ph.D.
• Minnesota State University, Mankato

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• Chapter 3 Using Action Research for Solving
  Problems

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• Finding the Problem
• 1. Problems must first be identified
• 2. Define the problem seek to understand the
  nature of the situation and understand causal
  factors
• 3. A problem is a difference between present
  state and desired state

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• Problem Definer

Present state Desired state
Objective Facts Consequences Relevant or Related Facts

The problem Restate the problem
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• Finding Solutions
• 1. Two simple problem-solving strategies
• a. creative problem solving
• b. means-end analysis

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• Thinking Frame for CPS
• 1. Define the problem.
• 2. Generate as many solutions as possible.
• 3. Choose a solution that seems the best.
• 4. Elaborate and refine.
• 5. Implement the solution.
• 6. Review, evaluate, and refine as necessary.

• Thinking Frame for MEA
• 1. Describe the desired outcome.
• 2. Define the goals necessary to reach the end
  state.
• 3. Describe the current state.
• 4. Analyze the means necessary to get the desired
  outcome.
• 5. Construct and implement a plan.
• 6. Review, evaluate, and refine the plan.

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• 2. Embed problem-solving into the curriculum --
  problem-based learning
• 3. Teach students how to use CPS and MEA
• 4. To improve students problem-solving ability
  (a) teach problem solving strategies and (b)
  provide practice solving problems.
• 5. The last part of problem solving - test the
  solution