Geography

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Geography

• Chapter 13

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Location and Size

• Name
• Location
• Size

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• ? the United States of America
• ? the United States
• ? the U.S
• ? America.

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Could you find out where America is?
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Why does the U.S have an ideal location for trade?
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• Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries
  of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and
  Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far
  East and Australia. In the past the Oceans served
  as natural barriers with little outside
  interference. Today the United States is well
  connected to the rest of the world.

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• The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square
  kilometers
• First four biggest countries Russia, Canada,
  China, U.S.

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How many states are there in the U.S.?
How many states are there in America?
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• Federal republic with 50 States.
• ? Largest a. Alaska (of all the states) b.
  Texas (of the mainland).
• ? Smallest Rhode Island.
• ? Newest states Alaska, Hawaii.

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TopographyThe face of the Land

• Mountains
• Rivers
• Lakes

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Could you give out the name of these two mountain
ranges?
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the Appalachian mountains the Rocky mountains
Running Northeast to southwest Northwest to southeast
Age Older Younger
Height Lower Higher (highest peak Elbert)
Names The Green mountains, the White mountains, the Catskills, the Alleghenies, the Cumberlands, the Blue Ridge mountains, the Carolinas, the Great Smokies.
Significance Industrial, forests, mines. Backbone / the Continental Divide
Describe the difference between the two mountains
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Position Significance
Mississippi 3,782km From north Minnesota to Gulf of Mexico ? father of waters or old man river ? drain ? water way.
Missouri 3,725km From southwest Montana join Mississippi at St. Louis
Ohio 1,500km From east of Pittsburgh join Mississippi at Cairo ? the American Ruhr ? coking coal ? steel industry ? water transportation.
Colorado 2,330km From Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California ? drain ? vital sources of life for the southwestern corner ? dams.
Columbia From Canada to the Pacific
Rio Grande 3,200km From southern Rocky mountains to the Gulf of Mexico ? natural boundary between Mexico and the United states.
Hudson Meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York city Meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York city
Potomac Meets the Atlantic Ocean at Washington D.C. Meets the Atlantic Ocean at Washington D.C.
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What are the five Great Lakes?
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• Lakes
• ? Lake Superior (largest),
• Lake Michigan (entirely in the U.S),
• Lake Huron,
• Lake Erie,
• Lake Ontario.
• ? Significance lifeline upper region- natural
  wealth lower region - industry.

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Benefits of the topography

• The Great Lakes are the economic lifeline of the
  Midwest. The long and irregular seacoasts provide
  many excellent harbors. A large network of lakes
  and the Atlantic and Gulf rivers links the
  interior of the country with the coastal cities.
  Many swift rivers provide good sources of
  hydroelectric power.

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Climate

• How many types of climate can be found in the
  United States? What are they?
• Six types of climate
• What are the factors which influence the climate
  of the United States?

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Location Type Feature Feature
North-eastern (New England) Humid continental climate Summers are longer and hotter in the south and winters are colder in the north plenty of rainfall a long growing season Westward to the 100th meridian
South-eastern Humid subtropical climate Summer are hot and winters mild an adequate rainfall late summer and early autumn hurricanes favor for agriculture Westward to the 100th meridian
Great Plains Continental steppe climate
Intermountain region Continental desert climate
Pacific northwest Maritime climate Like that of Britain Like that of Britain
Pacific south Mediterranean climate Warm, dry summers and moist winters Warm, dry summers and moist winters
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Factors that influence the climate

• ? middle latitudes north of the equator a. wide
  ranges of temperature b. many types of climate.
• ? the most important forces the Atlantic oceans,
  the Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, the Great
  Lakes. (keep temperatures moderate, supply water
  vapor that falls as rain)

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? Ocean currents
Northern part of the west coast and southern Alaska Warmed by the Japan Current ???? New England Cooled by the waters of Labrador Current ??????
Southern part of the west coast Moderated by the cool California Current ??????? South-eastern Warmed by the Gulf Stream ??????
? Mountain ranges The western mountain rages
have an important effect on the climate of the
Far West. The Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges
prevent westerly winds from bringing moisture to
the intermountain region of the West.
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Geographical Regions

• New England
• The Middle Atlantic States
• The Midwest
• The South
• The American West
• The Pacific Coast
• The New States

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Location State Economic activity Significance / Major city
New England northeast Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut ? Dairying. ? First industrial area modernizing its traditional industries making new products offering commercial services. ? Tourism. ? Birthplace of America (a. War of Independence of 1776 b. first industrial area). ? Education Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ? Yankees, which later came to stand for all Americans.
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Location State Economic activity Significance / Major city
Mid- Atlantic southeast New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia ? Highly industrialized area. (1/5 population) ? The nerve center of the country. ? New York (busiest ports, and financial, manufacturing and transportation center of the country.) ? Washington D.C. ? Megalopolis / super city Portsmouth, Philadelphia, Norfolk, Wheeling.
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The Midwest
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Mid-west north Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Kansas, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota ? Agriculture ? Manufacturing ? Heavy industry. ? Chicago cultural capital of the Midwest / largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes / leading grain and livestock market / farm machinery, iron and steel manufacturer ? Detroit the automobile capital of the world ? Omaha, the agricultural capital of the U.S. ? St. Louis center of trade, commerce, manufacturing and education.
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South south Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Okalahoma, ? Agriculture ? Vacation resorts ? Mineral ? Forestation ? Textile 90 of U.S. ? Rocket and missile. ? Florida winter Great Smoky and Blue Ridge Mountains summer. ? Ala coal and iron ore Ark all bauxite mined in U.S Tex and Lou leading sulfur products and important salt-mining state Ten leading zinc mining. ? softwoods esp. southern pine coastal plain hardwoods Appalachian Highlands and interior of the South.
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W e S t The Great Plains Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, parts of Washington, Oregon, California Dry farming, irrigation farming Livestock raising Mining (oil, iron) Colorado Denver
W e S t The Rocky Mountains Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, parts of Washington, Oregon, California Mining Tourist industry
W e S t The Intermountain regions Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, parts of Washington, Oregon, California Farming Mining (uranium, copper, gold, silver, lead and zinc) Tourism Phoenix Tucson Salt Lake City Albuquerque.
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Yellowstone National Park
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Rocky Mountain National Park
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Glacier National Park
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the Grand Canyon
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Pacific Coast northwest Oregon, California, western parts of Washington ? Fishing (Americas leading fishing state California, Washington, Oregon). ? Mining (gold, silver, copper, zinc, manganese, mercury, coal, oil and natural gas). ? Fruits and vegetables ? Los Angeles largest and busiest commercial city in this area ? San Francisco second largest city in California ? Portland largest city in Oregon ? Seattle, Washington largest city in the northwest.
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New States Alaska northwest Largest of all the states / natural resources (oil) / maritime, subarctic, polar climate Juneau / capital Inuits, who are often called Eskimos.
New States Hawaii Pacific Smallest one / volcano / agricultural products / humid tropical clime Honolulu / capital Mauna Loa, the worlds largest active volcano. Two main crops sugar cane and pineapples.
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Alaska Inupiat Eskimo Family
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Juneau
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Hawaii
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Hawaii Weddings
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Mauna Loa, 1984
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• Have you mastered these points?

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• 1. The United States of America is the ______
  country in the world in population.A. largest
  B. second-largest
• C. third-largest D. fourth-largest
• 2. The United States of America is the ______
  country in the world in area.
• A. largest B. second-largest
• C. third-largest D. fourth-largest

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• 3. The Continental Divide, or Great Divide,
  passes through_________.
• A. the Rocky Mountains
• B. the Appalachian Highlands
• C. the Coast Mountains
• D. the Blue Mountains

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• 4.Among the following ocean currents that
  influence the climate of the U.S.A. over wide
  regions, _____ enters the Gulf of Maine.
• A. the Gulf stream B. the Labrador
  Current
• C. the California Current D. the Japan Current
  
• 5.The Mississippi, which is sometimes called
  ______, has played a vital role in the history of
  the United States.
• A. "Old Man River" B. "Moon River"
• C. "Old Father River"
• D. "Mother of the United States"

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• 6. The largest and smallest states of the United
  States are ______.
• A. Alaska and Rhode Island
• B. Texas and Maine
• C. Texas and Rohde Island
• D. Alaska and Maine
• 7. New Englanders were originally known as
  ______.
• A. Yankees B. English Puritans
• C. German farmers
• D. Fishermen from Scandinavia

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• 8. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital
  of the world?A. Chicago. B. Detroit.
• C. Milwaukee. D. Cleveland.

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• What is the largest active volcano in the world?
• How does the United States rank among the
  countries of the world in population and area?
• Which state is separated by Canada from the main
  land?