Balancing Rations

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Balancing Rations

• Topic 3049
• Rations
• Melinda Klockziem

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Roughages

• Roughages
• 18 or more Fiber
• Hard to Digest
• Two types
• Legumes
• NonLegumes

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Roughages

• Legumes
• Plants that have root nodules (lumps) that
  contain bacteria that fix nitrogen from the air
  in soil.
• Clover and Alfalfa
• Nonlegumes
• Plants that can not fix nitrogen from the air in
  soil
• Grasses, and corn stalks.

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Roughages

• Ruminants can use more roughages than
  nonruminants.
• Younger ruminants cannot use as much roughage as
  older ruminants

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Concentrates

• Protein Concentrates
• More than 20 Protein
• Animal Protein
• Meat meal, egg, milk product, bone meal
• Vegetable Protein
• Soybean meal (legume), distiller grains

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Concentrates

• Carbohydrate Concentrates
• Less than 20 Protein
• Grains
• Corn, sorghum, oats, wheat, dried beet pulp

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Ration Characteristics

• Ration
• Amount of Feed given to an animal to meet its
  needs in 24 hours.
• Balanced Ration
• Provides the nutrient needs of the animal in the
  proper proportions.

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Balanced Ration

• Must be
• palatable
• meet nutritional requirements of animal
• nonharmful
• economical

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Ration Functions

• Maintenance
• Maintaining life
• ½ of the ration is used for maintenance
• Growth
• After maintenance needs are met, then the ration
  is used for growth

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Ration Functions

• Fattening
• Nutrients not used for maintenance or growth
• Stored in the tissues of the body
• Fat stored in muscle is called marbling
• Production
• Cows, swine, horses, sheep, and goats
• Require special nutrients
• Examples
• Produce milk to feed their young
• Dairy Animals ( for human use)

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Ration Functions

• Reproduction
• Extremely important for pregnant animals
• May become sterile it does not get adequate level
  of nutrition.
• Work
• Requires increased energy
• Horse and Oxen
• Pulling, driving, riding

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Pearson Square

• Is a useful tool for simplifying the balancing of
  rations
• It shows the proportions or percentages of two
  feeds to be mixed together to give a percent of
  the needed nutrient.

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Reference

• Modern Livestock and Poultry Production
• 6th Edition
• James R. Gillespie
• Delmar Publishing