Ration Formulation

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Ration Formulation

• 2/05/2001
• ANS 336

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1.Steps in Balancing a Ration

• Nutrient requirements generally represent the
  minimum quantity of the nutrients that should be
  incorporated.
• Factors to be considered
• Age
• Sex
• Body Size
• Type of production
• Intensity of production

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2.Steps in Balancing a Ration

• Ruminants Determine what feeds are available and
  list their respective nutrient compositions
• Dry matter
• Protein
• Energy
• Phosphorus
• Calcium
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D if confined

• Non ruminants same as Ruminant, but
• Dry matter
• Protein
• Essential AA
• Energy
• Essential Fatty acids
• Phosphorus
• Calcium
• Vitamin A,D, E and B complex
• Minerals

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3.Steps in Balancing a Ration

• Feed cost
• Processing Cost
• Transportation Cost
• Storage Cost
• Antioxidant
• Refrigeration Cost
• Nutritive value loss with storage

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4.Steps in Balancing a Ration

• Balance a ration that is useable.
• Can they eat that much, can they utilize that
  source of the ingredient.
• Limitation of feed ingredients
• Consumption levels
• Limiting values such as amount of forage that
  can be consumed.
• Wheat as percentage of diet
• Cottonseed limitations

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5.Steps in Balancing a Ration

• Convert to Dry Matter Basis
• 1. Conversion of feed nutrients from an as fed to
  a dry matter basis
• a.     Assume alfalfa silage analyzed 7 crude
  protein on an as-fed basis and contained 40 dry
  matter. What percent crude protein would the
  alfalfa contain when expressed on a dry matter
  basis? The solution for this example can be
  obtained by the following equation
• Nutrient ( As fed basis) Nutrient (dry
  matter basis)
• Feed Dry Matter 100 dry matter

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Methods of Formulation

• Square Method (Pearson Square)
• Trial and Error
• Simultaneous Equation Method
• 2 X 2 Matrix method
• Computer Method
• WAG Method not recommended

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Feeds Available
Ingredient (As Fed basis) TDN () Crude Protein ()
Alf. Hay, All Analysis 51.0 16.0
Corn Silage 18.0 2.2
Corn All Analysis 80.0 9.9
Oats, all analysis 69.0 11.9
Soybean Meal, 44 76.0 44.4
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Holstein Cow TDN and CP Req.1433 lb BW, 65 lbs
of milk, 4 Butter fat
Needs
TDN (lbs.) Crude Protein (lbs) (g) Crude Protein (lbs) (g)
Maintenance 9.94 0.94 428
Milk Production 20.9 5.87 2,665
Total 30.84 6.81 3,093
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Determining Consumption

• Cow will eat about 2 of her body weight in
  forage
• 2 X 1433 28.66 lbs
• 1.2 2 of her body weight in Concentrate .
• Hay is 14
• Corn Silage is 14
• 40 X 35 (DM) 14

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From Forage
TDN Crude Protein (Lb.)
Alfalfa, Hay 7.14 2.24
Corn Silage 7.2 0.88
Total from Forage 14.34 3.12
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Supplied
TDN CP
Needs 30.84 6.81
Forage 14.34 3.12
Remainder 16.5 3.69
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Trial and Error Conc. Mix.
TDN CP
Corn, 700 560.0 69.30
Oats, 280 193.2 33.3
Monosodium Phosphate - -
Salt - -
Total 753.2 102.60
Percent 75.3 10.3
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Needs from Concentrate Mix

• Divide TDN from concentrate (16.5) by the TDN
  in the mixture (75.3).
• 16.5/0.753 21.9 lbs of TDN to meet energy req.
• Multiply 21.9 times 10.3 CP in mix
• 21.9 X .103 2.26
• 3.69 (needed) 2.26 1.43 still needed
• Substitute 175 of SBOM to concentrate mix. In
  place of that amount of corn .

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Trial and Error Conc. Mix.
Weight (lbs.) TDN CP
Corn 525 420.0 52.0
Oats 280 193.2 33.3
Soybean Oil Meal (SBOM) 175 133.0 77.7
Monosodium Phosphate 10 - -
Salt 10 - -
Total 1000 746.2 163.0
Percent 74.6 16.3
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Trial and error - Guess

• 16.5 lbs / .746 22.1 of conc to supply 16.5 lbs
  of TDN
• 3.69 lbs protein needed/ .163 of protein 22.63
  22.63.
• Therefore, we feed 22.63 lbs of concentrate to
  meet all requirements with a little extra energy.

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Supplied
Lbs. Intake DM (lbs) TDN Crude Protein(CP)
Alfalfa, 90 DM 14 12.6 7.1 2.2
Corn Silage, 35 DM 40 14 7.2 0.9
Conc. Mix, 90 DM 22.63 20.37 16.9 3.7
Total 76.63 46.97 31.2 6.8
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Holstein Cows consumption

• Cows will eat approximately 3.0 to 4.0 of the
  body weight in dry matter depending on the stage
  of lactation.
• 2 from Forage and the remainder from
  Concentrate mixes.
• Next we need to figure the NDF amount to see what
  level of forage she can consume. Consume.
• 1.2 BW in NDF with 0.9 from Forages and 0.3
  from Concentrates.

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NDF requirements

• 1.2 X 1433 17.2 lbs NDF
• 0.9 BW from forage 12.9
• 12.6 X 55.0 6.93
• 14.0 X 59.0 8.26

15.19
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Pearson Square

• Simple nutrient needs are met with simple feed
  formulas.
• Lesser values are subtracted from greater values.
• Recorded diagonally.
• One feed must have a value higher than the
  desired value and one must have a value lower
  than the desired value.

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Pearson Square
A

C
X
B
D

Total
A X D B X C
Need Percentage