MODERN PERIOD

1
MODERN PERIOD 1750-1914

• The long 19th century
• Shaped by the West. West is king. West is the
  best.
• - you are better off being a colony in most of
  the world (except in the Americas).
• - Major question how did groups
  react/resist/reform to the Western aggression and
  power?

2
MODERN PERIOD 1750-1914

• How did China handle the West in comparison to
  Japan?
• How did China handle the West in comparison to
  the Middle East? Ie. Ottomans responded with
  greater flexibility but neither did that great in
  responding.
• Africa/India both colonies but had different
  results.

3
Themes

• Two themes end, Two themes keep going, Two new
  themes.
• Themes that end
• Colombian Exchange ends Western Hemisphere
  population surge slows but persists in Europe /
  world.

4
Theme 2 that ENDS

• 2. Land-based gunpowder empires end. Why? A. new
  pressures from Europe (ie. Mughals, Ottomans
• B. Global implications of nationalism people
  are wanting POLITICAL identity / political
  individuality smaller states are created.

5
2 themes that continue

• Rise of the West
• Increasing industry
• Increasing military edge, especially in regard
  to land-based power including sending boats
  upriver (Africa), telegraph, repeating rifles,
  artillery, and new medicines (more effective in
  tropical areas.
• World Economy.

6
Continued theme 1 -Rise of the West

• Rest of the world notices ie. France beating
  Egypt (Mamelukes) in 1798 shows M.E. that they
  are in trouble.
• Opium Wars in China
• Crimean War
• 1853-54 Conquest of Japan
• Conquest of Africa
• West can go anywhere they want militarily
  (exceptions Japan and Ethiopia).

7
Continued Theme 2 World Economy

• Economic advantage of West expands.
• Making processed goods and MORE of them.
• Undercutting Latin American and Indian
  handcrafters (many who are women).
• Sell more produced goods

8
Continued Theme 2 World Economy

• World economy drives Imperialism military and
  market needs Mahan, Turner, Social Darwinism.
• World economy works much better during this
  Modern Period than it did in Early Modern Period.

9
Continued Theme 2 World Economy

• West still has dominant economies.
• Cheap imports.
• Gap continues to grow.

10
When did Mercantilism end?

• Formal mercantilism ends with the French
  Revolution, although elements persist.
• How did poorer countries strike back?
• Cheap labor, raw materials, food, cheap factory
  goods (Oriental rug factories).

11
How did poorer countries strike back?

• Textiles, plastics
• Japan and Korea were successful at fighting back
  used cheap labor to close the gap with West.
  Ie. Japan in 1900 silk produced by slave women.
• Japan pushed against Western pressure.

12
Continued Theme 2 World Economy

• Additional areas brought into subordination
• Africa what do you do to replace the slave
  trade to make money later on in the Modern
  Period? Answer vegetable oil, other goods
  including still some slaves.

13
Continued Theme 2 World Economy

• Externality is abolished you HAVE to be a
  player in the world economy to survive applies
  to China / Asia no territory is outside of the
  world economy during this period.
• Coercive labor ends mostly
• Economics slavery too costly free labor you
  can fire people with no upkeep. Growth in world
  population also helps end slavery.

14
Coercive labor ends mostly

• Ie. Americas
• Abolitionists and humanitarians also help end
  slavery.

15
Two new themes

• 1. Industrial Revolution starts around 1750 and
  goes for about 80 years plus.
• Effects
• Children become an economic liability start
  going to school (although many work in factories
  as well early on).
• Reduction of birthrate
• Changes family structure

16
New Themes

• 2. Non-Western response second half of 19th
  Century how much do other countries need to
  change or copy to get the West off their back?
• Military buildup have to copy West.
• Industrialize
• Japan does a good job of handling both of the
  issues above without becoming too Westernized.

17
Theme 3 REAL Globalization

• Reaches the lives of everyday people.
• Components
• Technology telegraph
• Transportation steam, shipping, Railroads
• Canals Suez, Panama
• Corporations Singer sewing, international
  harvester
• Cultural spectator sports.