Periodic Trends

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Periodic Trends
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Periodic Table of the Elements What does the
staircase line separate?
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The 3 major distinctions of the Periodic Table

• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids

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Metals To the left of the staircase line

• Chemical Properties
• Easily lose electrons
• Corrode easily (ex rusting or tarnishing)

• Physical Properties
• Luster (shiny)
• Good conductors
• High density
• High melting point
• Malleable
• Ductile (draw into wire)

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Non metals to the right of the staircase line

• Physical Properties
• Dull
• Poor conductor
• Brittle
• Not malleable
• Low density and melting point
• Chemical Property
• Tend to gain electrons

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Metalloids along the staircase line

• Solids
• Shiny or dull
• Malleable
• Conduct heat and electricity better than non
  metal but not as well as metals

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Back to the Periodic Table

• The elements are arranged in order of INCREASING
  atomic number (and atomic weight)
• Another trend in the Periodic Table is the
  arrangement of Periods (horizontal rows) and
  Groups (vertical columns)

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Group 1 Alkali Metals

• strong metals that are unusually soft
• very reactive toward Oxygen
• All of these metals have one valence electron and
  are thus very reactive

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Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

• not as soft as Group 1 metals.
• react more mildly with Oxygen
• These elements have two valence electrons and
  form cations

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Transition Metals

• These metals are not as predictable as other
  metals
• Wide variety of properties
• Groups 3-12 on periodic table

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Group 17 Halogen

• only need one additional electron to complete
  their outer shells
• salt makers
• Ex NaCl, where Cl is a halogen

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Group 18 Noble gases

• Non-reactive
• Stable electron formation
• Also known as inert gases