From Gene to Protein

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From Gene to Protein
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DNA Review

• Is made of nucleotides.
• Contains deoxyribose sugar
• Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine
• Is a double stranded molecule.
• Example A A T G G C T A T A C C G

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RNA Review

• Is made of nucleotides.
• Contains ribose sugar
• Replaces Thymine with the base Uracil.
• Is a single stranded molecule.
• Example A A U G G C U A U A C C G

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What is the JOB of RNA?

• To assist in the synthesis of proteins.

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ENGAGEProteins, Proteins, Proteins!!!Whats
the deal with proteins?
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Explore 1Banana Split Lab(Transcription,
Translation)
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Explore 2

• Designer Babies

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Explain

• Amino Acids the building blocks of proteins.
• Many amino acids linked together make up the many
  different proteins in our body.
• DNA contains the code for these proteins and
  RNAs assemble the parts.

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Protein Synthesis overview

• Transcription synthesis of RNA under the
  direction of DNA (mRNA)
• Translation actual synthesis of
  a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA

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Transcription, Translation
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RNA Getting Ready to Do its Job

• There is NOT just one RNA molecule!!!!
• THERE ARE THREE!!!
• 3 types of RNA molecules
  
• 1. Messenger RNA (m-RNA)
• 2. Transfer RNA (t-RNA)
  
• 3. Ribosomal RNA (r-RNA)
• Each RNA molecule has a specific job in making a
  protein

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m-RNA(Transcribes the DNA)

• Messenger RNA copies the code for a protein from
  DNA.
• This is called TRANSCRIPTION
• (Only Occurs INSIDE of the Nucleus of a Cell)
• Takes code to the ribosome where the protein will
  be made.
• m-RNA is divided into smaller units called CODONS.

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What is a Codon?

• Codon - series of 3-nucleotide
  words found on the mRNA for ONE amino acid
• The genetic instructions are written in the DNA
  as a triplet code

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Translation NOW Occurs

• Translation
• Interpretation or Decoding of the protein code
  from DNA
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
• NOT THE NUCLEUS
• Involves mRNA, as well as,
• tRNA and
  rRNA

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t-RNA, Slide 1(Transfer RNA)

• Carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome.
• Each t-RNA will hook up with a codon.
• One or more t-RNA for each amino acid.
• Attach to the codon and have an area called an
  ANTI-CODON.

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tRNA, Slide 2

• The three letter code on the tRNA is called an
  Anticodon
• This code translates what amino acid should be
  made

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Translation Summary

• mRNA from nucleus is read along its codons by
  tRNAs anticodons at the ribosome in the
  cytoplasm
• tRNA anticodon (nucleotide
  triplet) brings ONE amino acid

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Ribosomes and rRNA
(ribosomal RNA)

• Ribosomes
• Protein factories
• Only Non-membrane bound organelle
• rRNA
• What makes up the ribosomes of the cell.
• Found in high concentration in the nucleolus of
  the cells nucleus.

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mRNA, tRNA and the ribosome Working Together
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Elaborate Codon Table Activity
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Elaborate

• DNA Article with Codon Table
• Guided Practice using the Codon Table
• Building a Protein Synthesis Manipulative

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Sequencing Race Begins
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Evaluate