Fossil Energy R

1
Fossil Energy RD at the Department of Energy
Presentation at Basic Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee Meeting August 3, 2001

• Marvin Singer
• Senior Advisor Director of Advanced Research

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The Fossil Energy ProgramEnhancing U.S. Energy
and Economic Security
Mission Goals
RD Encourage innovative technology and sound regulations to maximize clean, efficient, and affordable development of fossil fuel resources A virtually pollution free energy plant Vision 21 Low cost carbon sequestration Power plant improvement Clean Coal Power Stabilize/increase production of domestic oil and natural gas
Petroleum Reserves Maintain readiness of the nations emergency crude oil stockpile and Northeast heating oil reserve An emergency oil inventory An emergency heating oil reserve
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Fossil Energy RD
Oil Technology

• Stop the decline in domestic oil production.
• Resolve environmental issues associated with oil
  production and processing.

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Fossil Energy RD Budget(Million )
Enacted
- 5.214
66.874
45.029
324.025
Request
159.801
150.000
21.000
30.499
5.200 -
5
Fossil Energy RD Performers(FY2000 Dollars in
Millions)
(40)
(45)
(29)
(179)
Total FE RD 294 million
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The Fossil Energy RD Budget
in millions in millions in millions in millions
Program FY 2001 Adj. B/A FY2002 Request FY2002 House Mark FY2002 Senate Mark
Clean Coal Power Initiative 0.000 150.000 150.000 150.000
Fuels Power Systems 324.025 159.801 220.301 244.251
Gas 45.029 21.000 40.250 43.050
Petroleum 66.874 30.499 55.999 44.999
Adv. Met. Res. 5.214 5.200 5.200 5.200
Fossil Energy RD 441.142 366.500 471.750 487.500
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The Fossil Energy RD Budget
Program Element
Materials V-21 Plant of the Future Sequestration Turbines Fuel Cells Power Plant Improvement Fuels
Oil Gas Exploration Production Gas Hydrates Delivery Infrastructure Cleaner Fuels
Program
Clean Coal Power Initiative
Fuels Power Systems
Gas
Petroleum
Advanced Metellurgical Research

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The Fossil Energy RD Budget
in millions in millions in millions in millions
Fuels Power Systems Program Element FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2002 House Mark FY 2002 Senate Mark
Materials 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0
V-21 Plant of the Future 51.5 37.5 44.0 53.0
Sequestration 18.7 20.7 32.1 32.1
Turbines 30.9 0.0 18.5 20.5
Fuel Cells 52.6 45.1 48.1 52.1
Power Plant Improvement 94.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fuels 23.4 7.0 25.0 33.95

includes several budget categories
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Vision 21 Program
Modular Technology
Systems Integration
OUTPUT
INPUT
Modules
Modules
Modules
Electricity Chemicals Transportation Fuels Syn
gas Hydrogen Steam

• Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Gas
• Oil
• Opportunity Feedstocks
• Biomass
• Municipal Waste
• Petcoke

Combustion/ Gasification
High-Temp. Heat Exch.
Gas Cleanup
Modules
Modules
Modules
Gas Separation
Fuels/ Chemicals
Power
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Vision 21Program Objectives

• Emissions
• lt 0.01 lb/106 Btu SO2 and NOx
• lt 0.005 lb/106 Btu PM
• lt1/2 organic compounds in Utility HAPS Report
• lt1 lb/109 Btu Hg

• Capital Operating Costs/RAM
• Vision 21 must be competitive with other energy
  systems with comparable environmental performance

• Efficiency
• Electricity generation
• coal based 60 (HHV)
• gas based 75 (LHV)
• Fuels only plants 75

• Schedule of Benefits
• Technology spinoffs by 2005
• Designs for modules by 2012
• Commercial plant designs by 2015

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Drivers for Vision 21

• Recognition that fossil energy will be part of
  future energy mix
• Concern about environment, including global
  climate change
• Restructuring of energy industry
• Decreasing reserve margins and grid reliability
  issues
• Uncertain natural gas prices
• Recognition of value of future options

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Technology Roadmapping
Available at http//www.netl.doe.gov
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VISION 21 Technology Roadmap
Low-Cost Gas Separation/Purification High-Temperat
ure Heat Exchange Fuel-Flexible
Gasification High-Performance Combustion Fuel
Cells Fuel-Flexible Turbines Synthesis Gas
Conversion to Fuels Chemicals
Enabling Technologies
Materials Environmental Control
Technology Controls and Sensors Computational
Modeling/Virtual Simulation
Supporting Technologies
Technical/Economic/Market Analyses Systems
Engineering Industrial Ecology Dynamic
Response/Control
Systems Analysis/Integration
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Vision 21 Program New Projects Contribute to the
Ultra-Clean Energy Plant
Virtual Simulation
Systems Integration
Gasification Combustion
Advanced Materials
Modeling - Combustion
Turbines Fuel Cells
Oxygen Membrane
Modeling - Gas/Particle Flow
Hydrogen Membrane
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FE Materials Programs
Coatings Protection
New Alloys
Functional Materials
Ultra-High Performance
Heat Engines
Gasification Systems
Fuel Cells
Advanced Combustion Systems
Advanced Steam Generators
Gas Separation
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FE Materials Program
Gasification Systems
Evaluation/Development
Coatings Protection of Materials
Evaluation/Development
Processing
Advanced Steam Generators
Evaluation/Development
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FE Materials Program
Evaluation
Development

• ORNL-2C

Modified austenitic alloys
High creep-strength alloys (Special

• ORNL-5L

Metals CRADA)
Evaluation Development
New Alloys
Development
Advanced Combustion Systems
Evaluation
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FE Materials Program
Processing
Fuel Cells
Development Modeling
Functional Materials
Development
Gasification Systems
Development
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FE Materials Program
Evaluation
Processing Development
Ultrahigh Performance Materials
Development
Heat Engines
Evaluation
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Power Reliability - Outage Costs
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Emissions from Fossil Fuel Power Generation
24.89
1.2
0.6
2700
1862
1164
911
610
Average US fossil fuel plant
Combined cycle gas turbine
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Siemens Westinghouse SOFC Demonstration EDB-ELSAM
100 kWe CHP System
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Fuel Cells for the 21st Century

• Goals
• Approaching 400/kW Installed Costs
• 80 (LHV) Electric Efficiency
• Applications in Distributed Power, Central
  Station Power and Transportation
• Fuel Flexibility

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Core Technology ProgramThe Technology Base
National Lab
Small Business
University
Industry
Fuel Processing
Manufacturing
Fuel Cell Core Technology
Controls Diagnostics
Power Electronics
Modeling Simulation
Materials
Materials
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Fuel Cell Observatory
Cell/stack test
Electrochemical Modeling
Fuel Cell Observatory
Sensors,data analysis
In-situ Diagnostics
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Selected Research Topics

• Quantitative microstructural characterization of
  electrodes and correlation with measured
  electrochemical performance and modeling.
• Direct measurement of activation overpotentials
  on electrodes of known triple phase boundaries.
• Measurement of gas diffusion in porous
  electrodes effect of pore size and pore
  fraction.
• Determination of charge transfer mechanisms on
  electrodes.
• Investigation of fuel reformation mechanisms and
  kinetics on different anodes.

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The Fossil Energy RD Budget
in millions in millions in millions in millions
Gas Petroleum Program Element FY 2001 Adj B/A FY 2002 Request FY 2002 House Mark FY 2002 Senate Mark
Oil and Gas Exploration Production 71,137 36,149 78,149 64,949
Gas Hydrates 9,938 4,750 9,800 9,800
Delivery Infrastructure 8,110 5,050 8,050 10,050
Cleaner Fuels 22,718 250 250 3,250
TOTAL 102,903 51,499 96,249 88,049
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Natural Gas Oil Program
Research and Development
Oil, Gas Exploration Production
Imaging Diagnostics Advanced Drilling
Systems Enhanced Recovery Technologies Environment
al Compliance
Natural Gas, Crude Oil
Delivery Infrastructure
Pipeline Integrity Metering Leak Detection Gas
Storage
Natural Gas, Crude Oil
Cleaner Fuels
Gas-to-Liquids Oil Refining Upgrading Coal-to-Li
quids
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Acting Assistant Secretary Robert S. Kripowicz
Office of Fossil Energy Effective as of January
22, 2001
Strategic Planning - Raymond J.
Braitsch International Issues - Sun W. Chun
Acting Principal Deputy Rick Furiga
Office of Budget Financial Management Charles
Roy
Office of Communications Robert Porter
Office of Environment, Security, Safety, and
Health Craig Zamuda
Office of Human Resources and Program Support Ed
Kilroy
Management Administration Vacant
Office of Naval Petr. Oil Shale Res. Tony
Dammer
Operations Readiness Lynette LeMat
Advanced Research Marvin Singer
NPR - CA James Killen
Albany Research Center George Dooley - Director
NPOSR - CO, UT, WY Clark Turner
National Energy Technology Laboratory
(NETL) Rita Bajura - Director
Morgantown, WV Pittsburgh,
PA
http//www.fe.gov