Biomes

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Biomes
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Biome

• Biome a large region characterized by a specific
  type of climate and certain types of plant and
  animal communities

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Terrestrial Biomes
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Effects of Latitude and Climate

• CLIMATEThe average weather conditions in an
  area, including temperature and precipitation.
• The graph shows how temperature and precipitation
  influence the communities.
• Biomes are classified primarily according to the
  characteristics of their plants.
• Major Biomes are also characterized by
  temperature, precipitation, and animal species.

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AquaticBiomes
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Marine
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Zonation
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Estuaries
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IntertidalZone
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Freshwater
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Ecological Succession

• A series of predictable changes over time. that
  happens when one community replaces another as a
  result of changing abiotic or biotic factors.
• There are two types primary and secondary

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Ecological succession

• Causes
• Gradual climate change (global warming?)
• Sudden disturbance (volcanic eruption, forest
  fire, humans clearing forests)

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Primary Succession

• The establishment of a community on an area of
  exposed rock that does not have top soil.
• A slow process!
• Occurs where no soil exists
• (new rock formations,
• volcanic areas, parking lots)
• Starts small with pioneer organisms

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Primary succession
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• What types of organisms are pioneer species?
• Why are they termed "pioneer?

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Climax Community

• A mature community that results when there is
  little change in the composition of species. The
  end result of primary succession.
• It takes a very long time for the climax
  community to be reached.
• Sometimes it is never reached.

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Secondary Succession

• More common
• Occurs after a disturbance like forest fire where
  soil already existed (a fire or flood or a farm
  is abandoned).
• Returns ecosystem to natural state
• Since soil is already present, grasses start to
  grow right away. These are replaced by shrubs
  and trees.
• This takes about 100 years to complete.

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Secondary succession
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Climax Community

• A stable group of plants and animals that is the
  end result of the succession process
• Does not always mean big trees (Depends on
  climate of a region)
• Grasses in prairies
• Cacti in deserts