LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 3: EARTHQUAKES

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE
DISASTERSALGERIAPART 3 EARTHQUAKES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
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ALGERIA
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TECTONIC PLATES
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ALGERIA AFRICAEURASIA COLLISION
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MODERATE TO HIGH RISK
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NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN
ALGERIA
FLOODS
GOAL PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER
RESILIENT
LANDSLIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
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Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters

• Planet Earths heat flow and lithospheric
  interactions cause EARTHQUAKES

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A DISASTER is ---

• --- the set of failures that overwhelm the
  capability of a community to respond without
  external help  when three continuums 1)  people,
  2) community (i.e., a set of habitats,
  livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3)
  complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..)
  intersect at a point in space and time.

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Disasters are caused by single- or
multiple-event natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause extreme levels of
mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness,
economic losses, or environmental impacts.
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THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will happen

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THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the
  communitys buildings and infrastructure are
  UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and
  standards

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THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO
  or WARNING SYSTEM in place

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THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to
  the full spectrum of emergency situations.

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THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and
  reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from
  either this experience or the prior experiences.

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TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
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ALGERIAS COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
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ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISK
RISK
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WHAT WILL HAPPEN?EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS (AKA THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
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EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS MODEL
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GROUND SHAKING
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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
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CAUSES OF DAMAGE
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
TSUNAMIS
FLOODING
DISASTER LABORATORIES
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE
  LIKELY EARTH-QUAKE HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR
  DISASTER RESILIENCE

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EXPOSURE MODEL
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VULNERABILITY MODEL
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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT
VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING
MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, OF REPLACEMENT
VALUE
INTENSITY
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HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN AN EARTHQUAKE

• A communities people, property, essential and
  critical infrastructure, business enterprise, and
  government centers

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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND
  LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER
  RESILIENCE

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LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

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ALGERIAS NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• M7.3 EL ASNAM (CHLEF) OCTOBER 10, 1980
• M6.8 BOUMERDES MAY 21, 2003

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BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
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BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE

• LOCATION approximately 60 km east of the
  capital, Algiers.
• The quake was the strongest to hit Algeria since
  1980, when the M7.3 El Asnam (renamed as the
  Chlef earthquake) occurred.

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INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

• Many nations sent teams to assist in the search
  and rescue efforts and/or contributed
  financial resources

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IMPACTS

• 2,266 people were killed, 10,261 injured, and
  200,000 left homeless
• 400 were killed in Algiers alone

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IMPACTS

• The Boumerdes Province and the eastern side of
  Algiers experienced the worst damage.

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BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
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IMPACTS

• In the Algiers Province, 554 schools suffered
  light damage, 330 schools received moderate
  damage, and 11 were heavily damaged or completely
  destroyed

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IMPACTS

• The University of Science and Technology in Bab
  Ezzouar, which has the largest university campus
  in Algeria, was among the damaged schools

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IMPACTS

• More than 1,243 buildings were completely or
  partially destroyed
• Infrastructure (roads and bridges) was damaged in
  Algiers, Bourmerdes, Reghaia, and Thenia

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IMPACTS

• A localized tsunami damaged boats off the coast
  of the Balearic Islands

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ALGERIAS CHLEF EARTHQUAKE(M7.3)

• October 10, 1980

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LOCATION 200 KM WEST OF ALGIERS

• Generated on a thrust fault marking the collision
  of the African and Eurasia plates

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THE CHLEF EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING MAP
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DAMAGE
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DAMAGE
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IMPACTS

• DESTROYED The town's main hospital, a big
  department store, the central mosque, a girls'
  school and two housing complexes
• 3,500 DEAD and 300,000 people left homeless

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With the assistance of UNESCOs Earth Science
Division and experts from the USA and other
nations, Algeria developed a state-of-the-art
seismic zonation strategy for reconstruction
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THE NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE

• EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN
  IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!