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Geography

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Geography Chapter 1 Notes * Section 1.1 Introduction 1800 s US was beginning to expand west of the Mississippi River No American had ever crossed into that ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Geography


1
Geography
  • Chapter 1
  • Notes

2
Section 1.1 Introduction
  • 1800s US was beginning to expand west of the
    Mississippi River
  • No American had ever crossed into that territory
  • President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis
    and William Clark to explore
  • 2 year expedition to the Pacific ocean

3
1.1 Continued
  • They collected wildlife and plant samples
  • Mapped mountains and rivers
  • They met the Native Americans of the west and
    learned how they lived
  • Geographers of today are similar by studying the
    land, sea, and sky
  • They are seeking to find where people live why
  • They study the way people use resources

4
Section 1.2 The Geographic Setting
  • Maps are tools that show where things are on
    earth
  • Absolute Location precise point where things
    are located on a map (home address)
  • Can be found by using a grid
  • Relative Location where a place is located in
    relation to another place

5
1.2 Continued
  • Maps are two-dimensional
  • Earth is three-dimensional
  • Maps are not perfect pictures of the earth, some
    parts become stretched
  • Distortion change in shape, size, or position
    of a place when it is shown on a map
  • Globes are good but have limits
  • Map Projections way of representing the
    spherical Earth on a flat surface

6
Relative Location Homework
  • Make sure you put the Assignment Heading
  • Starting from the front of the school you will
    tell me how to get to your house
  • You can use the cardinal directions, physical
    objects number of streets, etc
  • Anything to help with guiding me to your home
  • Making a small map would be beneficial
  • Objective Students will use relative location to
    identify their home location from school
  • Due 9-13-10 (MONDAY)

7
Maps
  • Map - a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of
    Earths surface, or a portion of it
  • Geography has a reliance on maps to display and
    analyze information
  • Cartography - science of mapmaking

8
Two purposes of maps (Summarize)
  • Tool for storing reference material - helps us
    find the shortest distance to a place and helps
    us learn where in the world something is found
  • Tool for communicating geographic information -
    distribution of human activities or physical
    features

9
What is this maps purpose?
10
What is this maps purpose?
11
Section 1.3 Map Titles Symbols
  • The title of a map tells what a map shows
  • Compass Rose - shows directions on a map (every
    map should have one)
  • Cardinal Directions North, South, East, West
  • Intermediate Directions Northeast, Southeast,
    Southwest, Northwest
  • Map Legend (Sometimes call a map key)
    identifies symbols on a map

12
1.3 Continued
  • Colors are often used (Blue for water)
  • Map Grid imaginary lines used to divide space
    on a map
  • Horizontal left to right
  • Vertical up and down
  • Lines are usually labeled with Letters Numbers

13
Section 1.4 Latitude Longitude
  • A global grid system is made up of two sets of
    imaginary lines
  • 1st set Latitude (east west)
  • The Equator starts at 0 degrees and splits the
    earth in two parts (north south)
  • 2nd set Longitude (north and south)
  • The Prime Meridian starts at 0 degrees running
    from North Pole to South Pole and splits the
    earth in two parts (east west)

14
1.4 Continued
  • The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich,
    England
  • International Date Line exactly on the other
    side of the world from the Prime Meridian (when
    crossing this line you change days)
  • Long. Lat. marks absolute location

15
1.4 Continued
  • Latitude Lines of Parallel
  • Starts at Equator and moves up (North) and down
    (South)
  • Equator starts lines at 0 and increases to 90
    degrees North, 90 degrees South
  • Longitude Lines of Meridians
  • Starts at Prime Meridian and moves right (East)
    and left (West)
  • Prime Meridian starts lines at 0 and increases to
    180 degrees East, 180 degrees West
  • Coordinates Lat. Long. Numbers make this up
    (45 degrees N, 30 degrees E)

16
Minutes
  • The precise location (mathematical location) of a
    place can be designated more precisely by
    dividing each degree into 60 minutes ()
  • Minneapolis is 45o53 North latitude and 93.13
    West longitude
  • Paris, France is 48o51 North latitude and 2O20
    East longitude
  • Marshall Islands are 10o00 North latitude and
    165o00 East longitude

17
(No Transcript)
18
Section 1.4 Activity (Overhead)
  • The Global Grid Cities around the world
  • You will locate places on the map by using the
    information I provide to you (on your own)
  • Upper Right Hand Corner
  • First and last name
  • Class Hour
  • Date
  • Objective Students will locate the cities by
    using Latitude Longitude and label them on the
    map

19
Section 1.5 Map Scale
  • A map can be large scale or small
  • Large gives a close-up view of a small area
    with a lot of detail such as street names
  • Small shows a larger but with fewer details,
    are best for finding your way between cities,
    states, and larger areas
  • Map scales tell you how to read distance
  • One inch may represent 10 miles or 100 miles

20
Section 1.5 Activity
  • Get out a spare sheet of paper
  • Pg. 7 Worksheet
  • Top map 1st
  • Make your ruler
  • Write numbers 1-5 with answer on the side of the
    sheet
  • Once finished do next map questions
  • Dont forget to put your name and other info down

21
Section 1.6 Hemispheres, Continents, and Oceans
  • Hemispheres geographers divide the earth by
    hemispheres
  • North South are split by the Equator
  • East West by the Prime Meridian
  • 7 Continents Asia, Africa, North America, South
    America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia
  • 4 Oceans Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic

22
Section 1.7 Earth Sun
  • Revolution one round trip 365 ¼ days
  • Axis what earth spins on
  • Rotation takes 24 hours
  • Tilt causes seasons
  • Tropic of Cancer Capricorn sun never beats
    down directly above or below
  • Tropical Zones area between the zones
  • Arctic Antarctic sun does not shine one day a
    year above line towards poles

23
Section 1.7 Activity DID NOT USE LAST YEAR
  • Pg. 9 worksheet
  • Put down assignment heading
  • Complete as a class

24
Section 1.8 Showing a Round Worlds on a Flat Map
  • Most maps will show distortion
  • Many different types of projections
  • Lambert circular map, show size accurately at
    the center, but not shape or distance, used for
    polar areas
  • Mercator shows direction accurately near the
    equator but distorts size towards the poles
  • Eckert IV shows size but distorts shape
  • Goodes Homolosine shows continents but
    distorts oceans

25
How does this projection create a distorted image?
26
How does this projection create a distorted image?
27
Section 1.8 Activity DID NOT USE LAST YEAR
  • Pg. 10 worksheet
  • Put down assignment heading
  • Use page 22-23 in you book to help

28
Contemporary Tools (Summarize)
  • Remote Sensing - the acquisition of data about
    the Earths surface from a satellite orbiting
    Earth or from other long-distance methods.
    Images are transmitted in digital form from a
    satellite to a receiving station on Earth
  • GPS ( Global Positioning System) - a system that
    accurately determines the precise position of
    something on Earth
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