Title: Geography
1Geography
2Section 1.1 Introduction
- 1800s US was beginning to expand west of the
Mississippi River - No American had ever crossed into that territory
- President Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis
and William Clark to explore - 2 year expedition to the Pacific ocean
31.1 Continued
- They collected wildlife and plant samples
- Mapped mountains and rivers
- They met the Native Americans of the west and
learned how they lived - Geographers of today are similar by studying the
land, sea, and sky - They are seeking to find where people live why
- They study the way people use resources
4Section 1.2 The Geographic Setting
- Maps are tools that show where things are on
earth - Absolute Location precise point where things
are located on a map (home address) - Can be found by using a grid
- Relative Location where a place is located in
relation to another place
51.2 Continued
- Maps are two-dimensional
- Earth is three-dimensional
- Maps are not perfect pictures of the earth, some
parts become stretched - Distortion change in shape, size, or position
of a place when it is shown on a map - Globes are good but have limits
- Map Projections way of representing the
spherical Earth on a flat surface
6Relative Location Homework
- Make sure you put the Assignment Heading
- Starting from the front of the school you will
tell me how to get to your house - You can use the cardinal directions, physical
objects number of streets, etc - Anything to help with guiding me to your home
- Making a small map would be beneficial
- Objective Students will use relative location to
identify their home location from school - Due 9-13-10 (MONDAY)
7Maps
- Map - a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of
Earths surface, or a portion of it - Geography has a reliance on maps to display and
analyze information - Cartography - science of mapmaking
8Two purposes of maps (Summarize)
- Tool for storing reference material - helps us
find the shortest distance to a place and helps
us learn where in the world something is found - Tool for communicating geographic information -
distribution of human activities or physical
features
9What is this maps purpose?
10What is this maps purpose?
11Section 1.3 Map Titles Symbols
- The title of a map tells what a map shows
- Compass Rose - shows directions on a map (every
map should have one) - Cardinal Directions North, South, East, West
- Intermediate Directions Northeast, Southeast,
Southwest, Northwest - Map Legend (Sometimes call a map key)
identifies symbols on a map
121.3 Continued
- Colors are often used (Blue for water)
- Map Grid imaginary lines used to divide space
on a map - Horizontal left to right
- Vertical up and down
- Lines are usually labeled with Letters Numbers
13Section 1.4 Latitude Longitude
- A global grid system is made up of two sets of
imaginary lines - 1st set Latitude (east west)
- The Equator starts at 0 degrees and splits the
earth in two parts (north south) - 2nd set Longitude (north and south)
- The Prime Meridian starts at 0 degrees running
from North Pole to South Pole and splits the
earth in two parts (east west)
141.4 Continued
- The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich,
England - International Date Line exactly on the other
side of the world from the Prime Meridian (when
crossing this line you change days) - Long. Lat. marks absolute location
151.4 Continued
- Latitude Lines of Parallel
- Starts at Equator and moves up (North) and down
(South) - Equator starts lines at 0 and increases to 90
degrees North, 90 degrees South - Longitude Lines of Meridians
- Starts at Prime Meridian and moves right (East)
and left (West) - Prime Meridian starts lines at 0 and increases to
180 degrees East, 180 degrees West - Coordinates Lat. Long. Numbers make this up
(45 degrees N, 30 degrees E)
16Minutes
- The precise location (mathematical location) of a
place can be designated more precisely by
dividing each degree into 60 minutes () - Minneapolis is 45o53 North latitude and 93.13
West longitude - Paris, France is 48o51 North latitude and 2O20
East longitude - Marshall Islands are 10o00 North latitude and
165o00 East longitude
17(No Transcript)
18Section 1.4 Activity (Overhead)
- The Global Grid Cities around the world
- You will locate places on the map by using the
information I provide to you (on your own) - Upper Right Hand Corner
- First and last name
- Class Hour
- Date
- Objective Students will locate the cities by
using Latitude Longitude and label them on the
map
19Section 1.5 Map Scale
- A map can be large scale or small
- Large gives a close-up view of a small area
with a lot of detail such as street names - Small shows a larger but with fewer details,
are best for finding your way between cities,
states, and larger areas - Map scales tell you how to read distance
- One inch may represent 10 miles or 100 miles
20Section 1.5 Activity
- Get out a spare sheet of paper
- Pg. 7 Worksheet
- Top map 1st
- Make your ruler
- Write numbers 1-5 with answer on the side of the
sheet - Once finished do next map questions
- Dont forget to put your name and other info down
21Section 1.6 Hemispheres, Continents, and Oceans
- Hemispheres geographers divide the earth by
hemispheres - North South are split by the Equator
- East West by the Prime Meridian
- 7 Continents Asia, Africa, North America, South
America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia - 4 Oceans Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic
22Section 1.7 Earth Sun
- Revolution one round trip 365 ΒΌ days
- Axis what earth spins on
- Rotation takes 24 hours
- Tilt causes seasons
- Tropic of Cancer Capricorn sun never beats
down directly above or below - Tropical Zones area between the zones
- Arctic Antarctic sun does not shine one day a
year above line towards poles
23Section 1.7 Activity DID NOT USE LAST YEAR
- Pg. 9 worksheet
- Put down assignment heading
- Complete as a class
24Section 1.8 Showing a Round Worlds on a Flat Map
- Most maps will show distortion
- Many different types of projections
- Lambert circular map, show size accurately at
the center, but not shape or distance, used for
polar areas - Mercator shows direction accurately near the
equator but distorts size towards the poles - Eckert IV shows size but distorts shape
- Goodes Homolosine shows continents but
distorts oceans
25How does this projection create a distorted image?
26How does this projection create a distorted image?
27Section 1.8 Activity DID NOT USE LAST YEAR
- Pg. 10 worksheet
- Put down assignment heading
- Use page 22-23 in you book to help
28Contemporary Tools (Summarize)
- Remote Sensing - the acquisition of data about
the Earths surface from a satellite orbiting
Earth or from other long-distance methods.
Images are transmitted in digital form from a
satellite to a receiving station on Earth - GPS ( Global Positioning System) - a system that
accurately determines the precise position of
something on Earth