Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Phase Changes

1
Kinetic Molecular TheoryStates of MatterPhase
Changes
2
Kinetic Molecular Theory 1

• Matter is composed of small particles
  (molecules). The measure of space that the
  molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the
  space in between the molecules and not the space
  the molecules contain themselves.

3
Evidence

• Food coloring in water
• Dust particles in air
• Gold hammered into foil
• Oil spreading on the surface of water
• Condensation of water vapor by increased pressure

4
Kinetic Molecular Theory 2

• The molecules are in constant motion. This motion
  is different for the 3 states of matter.
• Solid vibrate in position
• Liquid - Molecules will flow or glide over one
  another, Motion is a bit faster than solid
• Gas Molecules move freely of each other and at
  a greater speed

5
Kinetic Molecular Theory 3

• When the molecules collide with each other, or
  with the walls of a container, there is no loss
  of energy energy is transferred

6
Temperature effect on Physical Properties
directly proportional

• Increases
• Kinetic energy of particles increases
• Volume increases
• Solid changes to liquid liquid changes to gas
• Viscosity increases
• Malleability increases

• Decreases
• Kinetic energy of particles decreases
• Volume decreases
• Gas changes to liquid liquid changes to solid
• Viscosity decreases
• Malleability decreases

7
Viscosity
8
Volume
9
Malleability

• To determine if something is malleable ask the
  question could it be easily bent or flattened
  into a sheet
• Think about when you first take the play-doh out
  of the container Is it easy to work with?
• What happens as heat is transferred from your
  hands?
• Is everything malleable?
• What are examples of things that would be
  malleable?

10
Review

• Which would have a greater viscosity honey or
  water?
• If I decreased the temperature of honey what
  would happen to the viscosity? If I increased
  the temperature of honey what would happen to the
  viscosity?
• What does malleable mean?
• Give one example of evidence to prove that matter
  is in constant motion.

11
BrainPop

• States of Matter

12
Liquid

• Fixed volume takes the shape of the container
• Close together, but in a random pattern
• Moving faster than a solid, but slower than a gas

13
Solid

• Fixed volume and shape
• Packed together in a pattern
• Vibrate in position

14
Gas

• No fixed shape or volume spread out to fill the
  container
• widely spaced out
• Move rapidly, frequently colliding with each
  other and the side of the container

15
BrainPop Quiz

• States of Matter

16
BrainPop

• Phases of Matter

17
Solid to Liquid

• Heat is added kinetic energy increases and
  weakens attractive forces between particles
• At the melting point the solid melts into a liquid

18
Liquid to Gas

• Heat is added to the liquid kinetic energy
  increases and weakens attractive forces between
  particles
• begin to boil when reach the boiling point
• temp increases particles move even faster and
  over come the attractive forces and evaporate
  forming a gas

19
Gas to Liquid

• Heat is lost from the gas attractive forces
  become stronger - kinetic energy decreases
• when enough heat is given off the particles
  condense into a liquid

20
Liquid to Solid

• Heat is lost kinetic energy decreases and
  increases attractive forces between particles
• At the freezing point the liquid becomes a solid

21
Sublimation

• When a solid changes directly into a gas without
  melting
• EX smaller ice cubes in the back of the freezer

22
Cooling CurveGas to Liquid to Solid
23
Heating CurveSolid to Liquid to Gas
24
Summary
25
BrainPop Quiz

• Phases of Matter