Emergency Communication

1
Emergency Communication

• DUMBO Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR

2
Outline

• Disaster
• Emergency Network
• Vehicular Communication
• Available Technologies
• DUMBO
• DUMBO2

3
Disaster

• Natural
• Tsunami, Nargis,
• Manmade
• Terrorist attack, Fire

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Disaster (cont)

• Consequences
• Huge death
• Huge wounded
• Destroy surrounding (roads, buildings)
• Traditional communication infrastructure becomes
  inoperable
• Requirements
• Rescue operation
• Co-ordination between the field worker and
  command center
• Emergency medical assistance

5
Emergency Network

• An emergency network
• Fast deployable
• Without relying on the fixed infrastructure
• Provide multimedia communication (voice, video,
  text)
• Wide network coverage
• Available network devices (home appliances)
• Real-time monitoring systems
• Capable to move the network nodes independently
  within the network coverage

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Emergency Network (cont)

• Traditional Process Usually the rescue
  worker uses walkie talkie while in rescue
  operation. But it has many demerits
• Short range
• Collisions in communication (everybody uses the
  same channel)
• No video support
• No central monitoring systems to monitor the
  relative movement of the field worker

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Vehicular Communication

• Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V)
• Send and receive information between vehicles to
  vehicle
• Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I)
• Share information among the vehicles and the
  fixed infrastructure

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Vehicular Communication (cont)
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Available Technologies
Short Range Medium Range Long Range
Bluetooth 100 Meters (Class 1) 10 Meters (Class 2) 1 Meter (Class 3) 1 Mbps (v1) 3Mbps (v2.0) 2.4 GHz Zigbee 250 Kbps _at_ 2.4 GHz 40 Kbps _at_ 915 MHz 20 Kbps _at_ 868 MHz 10 100 Meters Low Data Rate Wifi 802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz 11 300 Mbps 30 200 Meters IEEE 802.11p C2C 5.9 GHz DSRC US Flavored a.k.a WAVE CALM WAVE Global 5 GHz GPRS/UMTS Conn EU Flavored EDGE 0.9 1.89 Mbps Licensed Frequency CDMA 2000 EV-DO Rev.0 153K 2Mbps Rev.A 1.8 3 Mbps Licensed Frequency WiMax 10 70 Mbps Licensed Frequency Expensive Infrastructure
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Available Technologies (cont)

• TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio
• Special type of Mobile
• Walkie Talkie like service
• Low Throughput
• Fixed Infrastructure
• Expensive

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DUMBO

• Use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in an
  environment where fixed network infrastructure is
  not available, such as in the case of natural
  disaster

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DUMBO06
Simulated Disaster Area 2
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DUMBO 2

• Interconnectivity between Mobile Ad-hoc Network
  and Fixed infrastructure
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with
  mixed vehicle types
• Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like
  Gateway
• A newly revised Emergency Response Multimedia
  Communication Applications (P2P SIP)
• Real-time monitoring system for rescue workers
  movement.

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DUMBO 2 (cont)
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DUMBO network Topology and Application
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Outline

• Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
• Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
• Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)

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IEEE 802.11
Ad hoc network
Infrastructured network
A
B
C
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Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)

• Fast deployable
• Self configuring
• No need for network infrastructure
• Moving nodes
• Multi-hop network

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MANET example

• B and D as intermediate nodes forward a packet to
  E
• Multi-hop network

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MANET applications

• Military operations
• Sensor networks
• Rescue operations
• University
• Conferences

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MANET characteristics

• Dynamic topology
• Limited bandwidth
• Energy constrained operation
• Limited physical security

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MANET routing protocol

• Reactive routing
• Finding routes when needed (on demand)
• Proactive routing
• Maintaining all routes to reachable destinations
  (table-driven routing)
• Using continues control messages to set up routes

• Reactive
• Low routing overhead
• High delay of setting up a connection

• Proactive
• High routing overhead
• Low delay of setting up a connection

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Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561

• Finding routes when needed (on demand)
• Flooding a route request (RREQ)

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Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561

• Finding routes when needed (on demand)
• A route reply is unicasted back

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Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), RFC 3626

• A table-driven routing protocol
• Using MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) to efficiently
  relay broadcast messages
• Three main modules
• Neighbor detection
• Topology discovery (via MPRs)
• Route calculation

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OLSR packet format
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1. Neighbor detection
HELLO
HELLO
HELLO
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Neighbor sensing
HELLO
HELLO
Neighbor nodes of B A C D
HELLO
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Multipoint relay

• Reducing the number of duplicate retransmissions
  while forwarding a broadcast packet
• Limit the set of MPRs retransmitting a packet
• The number of MPRs should be small

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Multipoint relay selection

• Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs
• At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must
  exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m

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Multipoint relay selection

• Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs
• At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must
  exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m

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The number of retransmissions with/without MPRs
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Please find MPRs (1)
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Please find MPRs (2)
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Please find MPRs (3)
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2. Flooding topology information without MPRs
Neighbor nodes of B A C D
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Flooding topology information with MPRs
Neighbor nodes of B A C D
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Route calculation
Routing of E Dest. Next hop A D B D C C D D
B A, C, D
Routing of D Dest. Next hop A B B B C B E E
Routing of A Dest. Next hop B B C B D B E B
D B, E
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OLSR implementation

• olsr.org
• An ad hoc wireless mesh routing daemon
• Many OS platforms are supported
• Nokia, iPhone, Mac OS, Linux, Wins

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OLSR for windows
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Configured olsrd parameters

• HELLO interval
• HELLO hold
• TC interval
• TC hold
• MID interval
• MID hold
• More details no olsrd parameters
• http//www.olsr.org/docs/olsrd.conf.5.html

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HELLO interval and hold
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Reasonable HELLO interval

• In RFC 3626
• HELLO interval 2s
• TC interval 5s
• The larger HELLO interval, the longer delay of
  neighbor detection
• OLSR on a vehicle
• HELLO interval should be small

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Routes
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Communication applications

• Existing communication applications, VoIP,
  require centralized servers
• The centralized architecture is not suitable for
  MANETs due to mobility

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Using P2P on MANETs
Operated
Operated
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Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)

• Providing multimedia communications for an
  emergency operation
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) application where no a
  centralized server is needed
• Running on OLSR protocol

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EasyDC login
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Main screen
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Group List
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Video and chat
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Audio and chat
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Group chat
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Emergency button
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EasyDC setup

• Software setup
• 1. Install jre 6u6
• 2. Check the jre by opening command prompt and
  typing java -version.
• Please make sure the version is shown correctly.
• 3. Install JMF
• After that, run JMF Registry and click "Detect
  Capture Devices"
• 4. Setup ad hoc mode on wireless interface. Make
  sure that you use a correct given IP address.
• -To run software
• Double click MainStartup.bat in EasyDC folder
• -To run HQ software CenterStartup.bat

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GPS Location (GLoc) Service

• A GPS receiver is connected to each node through
  Bluetooth.
• It receives the GPS information i.e. latitude and
  longitude of the mobile node
• Sends it to the Map server using DUMBO network.
• Map the position of all nodes comprising the
  network and send for better co-ordination and
  administration.

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GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
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GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System

• Objectives
• Detects active links
• Monitors traffic flows through different links
• Provides metrics and statistics dynamically which
  demonstrates the link quality and system
  performance .

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Features
• Input parameters
• Output parameters
• Sniffer
• Graph Plot
• Analysis

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Input parameters
• Shows the default OLSR parameters such as HELLO
  interval, TC interval, Hysteresis threshold
  limits etc. used for running the protocol.
• The parameter values can be changed.

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Output Parameters
• Run Time Packet Analysis Shows the list of
  neighbor nodes, Link failure, Packet loss ,
  Packet loss rate, Delay and Current Node status.
• Run Time Message Analysis It shows the list of
  nodes originating the OLSR message, Message loss,
  Message Loss rate, Hop Count and Control Overhead
  corresponding to each originator node.
• Run Time Average Figures The section averages
  the values among all the nodes and shows the
  final figures at the run time.

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Sniffer
• Captures the packets coming to the network
  interface.
• Shows the detail information of the packets
  captured and current performance status.
• The packet information consists of the time,
  source node generating packet, packet loss,
  packet loss rate, hop count, delay within the
  OLSR packet.
• Illustrates a broad picture of the packet
  information useful for user to observe the
  ongoing performance in detail.

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Graph
• This section visualizes the network performance
  graphically at run time.
• User can select type of plot interested along
  with the necessary scale and tick steps.
• The system can generate different graphs for
  different parameters like Average Link Failure,
  Average Packet Loss etc., with respect to time.

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Analysis
• Provides the user with the comparative analysis
  of the ongoing network performance.
• The criteria for the determination of the traffic
  level are
• High Above 75 of the highest Traffic Level
• Average Between 75 to above 45 of the highest
  Traffic Level
• Low Below or Equal to 45 of the highest Traffic

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

• Help
• This section provides user with the general
  instruction for operating the system.
• User can exit from the plug-in by selecting
  Exit in the File option in the menu-bar.
• Besides, About option gives the brief
  information about the plug-in development.
• On exiting from plug-in, all the related threads
  are closed and stop the application.

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OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)
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MANET Configure
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MANET Configure (cont)
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MANET Configure (cont)
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MANET Configure (cont)
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GPS Receiver Connection
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GPS Receiver Connection (cont )
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GPS Receiver Connection (cont )
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GPS Receiver Connection (cont )
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GPS Receiver Connection (cont )
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GPS Receiver Connection (cont )
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DUMBO 2 Network Setup
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DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont)
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DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont)
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OLSR Over Network (OON)

• Sometimes, MANETs are connected to the Internet
• We create an overlay network covering both MANETs
  and the Internet
• EasyDC can run on top on this overlay network
  without being modified

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OLSR overlay network
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OON configuration

• Only fixed IP nodes exchange OLSR messages

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An example