Dental Materials

1
Introduction

• Chapter 1
• Dental Materials
• DAE/DHE 203

2
Enthusiasm for the Subject!!
What other topic could be so much to look
forward to??
Student BEFORE Dental Materials class
3
Physical Reactions
Be careful. this could happen to you!! I love
Mental Materials!
Student AFTER Dental Materials Class!!
4
Introduction

• The Science of Dental Materials
• Its importance to our studies
• History of Dental Materials
• Characteristics of Ideal Dental Materials
• Quality Assurance Programs
• Identification of Restorations

5
The Science of Dental Materials

• Development evaluation of materials
• Characteristics of the material
• Safety and Health
• Effectiveness and Duration
• Dynamic field in dentistry

6
The Science of Dental Materials

• Why are we studying this field?

7
History of Dental Materials

• Dating as early as 500 B.C. - present
• Metals gold
• Plaster and wax models
• Prosthetics of bone, ivory, wax, metals
• Porcelains late 1700s
• Amalgam early 1800s
• Acrylics 1940s
• Adhesive dentistry 1970s - present

8
The Oral Environment

• What characteristics of the oral environment
  potentially challenge and place demands upon
  dental materials?

9
Characteristics of Ideal Materials

• Biocompatible
• Non-toxic, non-irritating, non-allergenic
• Mechanically stable durable
• Strong, resistant to fracture
• Resistant to Corrosion
• Does not deteriorate over time
• Dimensionally Stable
• Little change by temperature solvents

10
Characteristics of Ideal Materials

• Minimal conduction
• Insulates against thermal/electrical change
• Esthetic
• Looks like oral tissue
• Easy to manipulate
• Minimal/reasonable effort time needed
• Adheres to tissues
• Retains onto, and seals, tooth structure

11
Characteristics of Ideal Materials

• Tasteless and Odorless
• Not unpleasant to patient
• Cleanable/Repairable
• Easily maintained or fixed
• Cost-effective
• Affordability vs. benefits/disadvantages

12
Quality Assurance

• Food Drug Administration (FDA)
• Ensures safety efficacy of material/device
• American Dental Association (ADA)
• Council on Scientific Affairs establishes
  standards and specifications
• ADA seal of acceptance
• Clinical studies when there are no standards
• International Standards Organization (ISO)

13
Identification of Restorations

• Dental Restoration
• Restores function appearance of oral structure
  lost by pathology, injury, or is congenitally
  missing
• Examples
• Pathology caries filling
• Injury broken tooth crown
• Congenitally Missing prosthetic (i.e. bridge)

14
Identification of Restorations

• Direct Restoration
• A restoration that is created and placed
  directly into the prep site of the tooth
• (i.e. amalgam filling, composite filling)
• Indirect Restoration
• A restoration that is created outside of the
  mouth on a model of the prepped tooth and later
  fixed into the mouth
• (i.e. gold crown, denture)

15
Direct Fillings

• Usually made of amalgam (silver metal) or
  composite (acrylic) materials
• For caries of various degrees anterior or
  posterior teeth

Posterior amalgam fillings
16
Direct Fillings
Anterior Composite Filling
Posterior Composite Filling
17
Crown

• Indirect restoration to replace missing crown of
  tooth, or protect remaining crown of tooth
• Caries, fractures, teeth with RCT, esthetics
• Made of porcelain, metals, or both

Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crown
18
Bridge

• An indirect restoration to replace one or more
  missing teeth
• fixed not removable cemented to existing
  teeth
• Made of porcelain, metals, or both
• Abutment the existing tooth/teeth supporting
  the bridge
• Pontic the replacement tooth

19
Bridge
Pontic
Missing tooth area to be restored
Abutments
20
Bridge
Anterior bridge on model
Anterior bridge before cementation How many
abutment teeth does the patient have?
21
Bridge
Before treatment
After bridge cementation
22
FYI Ancient Egyptian Bridge
Gold wire used to hold pontic crowns.
23
Indirect Restorations

• Inlay
• A fabricated restoration made of metal or
  porcelain that replaces missing tooth structure
  does NOT include the restoration of any cusps
• Onlay
• A fabricated restoration (as above) that DOES
  include the restoration of at least one cusp

24
Inlays vs. Onlays
Porcelain Inlays
Gold Onlay
25
Veneers

• All-porcelain or acrylic facing for tooth
• Primarily used for esthetic reasons
• Can alter shape color of existing tooth

26
Denture

• The removable dental prosthetic used to replace
  all of the teeth in an arch patient is
  edentulous.
• Made of acrylic (teeth may be porcelain)
• Partial Denture replaces some teeth in the
  arch patient is partially edentulous.
• Made of acrylic usually with metal substructure
  and clasps

27
Denture
Full Upper and Lower Denture
28
Denture
Removable Partial Denture
metal clasp for retention
29
Endodontic Restorations

• Endodontic inside the tooth root canal
  treatment (RCT)
• Gutta percha used to fill the canal
• Post and Core
• The post is a metal piece that is screwed into
  and cemented into the root canal
• The core is built-up around the post to create
  more available tooth structure

30
Endodontic Restorations
Post
(The core is built upon this post.)
Gutta Percha
(Silver Points used to be used in the canal as a
filler.)
31
Endodontic Restorations
amalgam
Build-up
unrestored pulp
posts
Gutta percha
32
Pediatric Restorations

• Stainless Steel Crown (SSC)
• Prefabricated
• Cemented

33
Pediatric Restorations

• Space Maintainer
• Holds space where primary tooth was prematurely
  lost
• Stainless steel band/crown with loop
• Fabricated outside of the mouth cemented