Epidemiology and pathogenicity of African bat lyssaviruses

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Epidemiology and pathogenicity of African bat
lyssaviruses
Wanda Markotter University of Pretoria South
Africa
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(No Transcript)
3
1986
3 isolates from South Africa
1981
1970
2006
DUVV (GT 4)
4
1986
3 isolates from South Africa
1981
1970
2006
Paweska et al., 2006. Fatal human infection with
rabies-related Duvenhage virus, South Africa.
Emerg Infect Dis.2006121965-1967.
DUVV (GT 4)
5
LBV isolates
6
Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South
Africa
4 isolates from fruit bats
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Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South
Africa
Markotter W, Randles J, Rupprecht CE, Sabeta CT,
Wandeler AI, Taylor PJ, Nel LH. Recent Lagos bat
virus isolations from bats (suborder
Megachiroptera) in South Africa. Emerg Infect
Dis. 200612504-506.
4 isolates from fruit bats
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Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South
Africa
First isolation of LBV from terrestrial wildlife
1 isolate from a mongoose
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Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South
Africa
First isolation of LBV from terrestrial wildlife
Markotter W, Kuzmin I, Rupprecht CE, Randles J,
Sabeta CT, Wandeler AI, Nel LH. Isolation of
Lagos bat virus from water mongoose. Emerg Infect
Dis. 2006121913-1918.
1 isolate from a mongoose
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Several new LBV isolates in 2003-2006 from South
Africa
1 isolate from a dog
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LBV
11 isolates from South Africa
Total 18 isolates
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N gene analysis
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LBV
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Intrinsic variation
99.3
94.8-99.9
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Between A and B,C 79.1-80.7
Between B and C 82.7-83.3
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? New genotype
lt80 nt identity
Between A and B,C 79.1-80.7
Between B and C 82.7-83.3
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A value of lt 1 indicates an overlap.
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Pathogenicity
i.m. and i.c.
i.c.
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Intracerebral (i.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.)
inoculation
1 x 102 LD50
1 x 103 LD50
1 x 106 LD50
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Conclusions

• Both DUVV and LBV is endemic in South Africa but
  not frequently reported due to lack of
  surveillance
• Genetic diversity of LBV has been underestimated
• Molecular phylogeny divided previously reported
  LBV isolates into three lineages independent of
  the gene used.
• Two isolates previously classified as LBV fulfill
  the criteria to be a new lyssavirus genotype
• Pathogenic profiles of phylogroup II isolates
  differ and some isolates indicate the same
  pathogenicity as a gt 1 representatives
• Pathogenic characteristics of lyssavirus
  genotypes or phylogroups should not be decided
  based on one representative isolate

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Acknowledgements

• Prof. Louis H. Nel (UP, South Africa)
• Dr. Charles E. Rupprecht (CDC, USA)
• Dr. Ivan Kuzmin (CDC, USA)
• Dr. Claude T. Sabeta (OVI, South Africa)
• Dr. Anthony R. Fooks (VLA, UK)
• Dr. Florence Cliquet (AFFSA, France)
• Dr. Janusz T Paweska (Special Pathogens, NICD,
  South Africa)
• Dr. Robert Swanepoel (Special Pathogens, NICD,
  South Africa)
• Miss. Charmaine Wilsenach (UP, South Africa)