Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels

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Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels

• Objectives
• 2.0 Evaluate various fossil fuels for their
  effectiveness as energy resources.
• 3.0 Evaluate other sources of energy for their
  effectiveness as alternatives to fossil fuels.

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Discussion

• What is the difference between renewable energy
  and nonrenewable energy?
• Give examples of each.
• Which type do you think is used most worldwide?
• Do you think there is a difference in the types
  of energy used by developed and developing
  countries?

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Fossil fuels

• Def the remains of ancient organisms that
  changed into coal, oil, or natural gas

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I. Fuels for Different Uses

• Used for 4 main purposes
• ?
• ?
• ?
• ?

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II. Electricity Power on Demand

• Advantages
• Travels long distances in short time
• Convenient
• Disadvantages
• Difficult to store
• Has to be generated from other sources

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A. How is Electricity Generated?

• Electric generator a machine that converts
  mechanical energy (motion) into electrical energy
• Turbine a wheel that changes the force of a
  moving gas or liquid into energy.
• Heated water produces steam to turn the turbine.
• The turbine spins a generator to produce
  electricity.

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Most power plants only convert 33-40 of the
energy in fossil fuels into electricity. Where
does the rest of the energy go?
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III. Energy Use

1. World Patterns

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B. Energy Use in the U.S.

1. Only Canada and the United Arab Emirates use more
   energy per person than the U.S.
2. Why do you think we use so much more than other
   countries?
3. What do you think is the largest use of energy in
   the U.S.?

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IV. How Fossil-Fuel Deposits Form
Uneven distribution is due to the geological
histories of the regions.
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Coal Petroleum Natural Gas
Formation
Uses
Environmental Effects
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A. Coal Formation

1. From the remains of plants in swamps
2. As ocean levels rose and fell, swamps were
   layered with sediment, compressing plant remains.
3. Heat and pressure in the earths crust caused
   coal to form.

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• Most in eastern U.S. formed 250-300 million years
  ago under extreme heat and pressure
• Most in western U.S. formed 40-100 million years
  ago

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B. Oil and Natural Gas Formation

• Both form from the decay of tiny marine organisms
  that accumulated on the bottom of the ocean
  millions of years ago.
• Buried under sediment and heated until they
  became energy-rich carbon molecules
• Found in porous rock formations
• Why in AK, TX, CA, and Gulf of Mexico? Where else
  worldwide?

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V. Coal and the Environment

• Surface mining
• Sometimes removes entire mountains to expose the
  coal deposit
• Toxic chemicals in waste rock can contaminate
  nearby water, if not contained properly
• Air Pollution
• Sulfur found in all coal enters air when burned
• Higher grade coal burns cleaner and produces more
  heat

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VI. Environmental Effects of Petroleum

• Def oil that is pumped from the ground (AKA,
  crude oil)
• When burned, they release air pollutants
• Oil spills pollute land and water
• Natural gas is found along with oil, and burns
  much cleaner than other fossil fuels.

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VII. Fossil Fuels and the Future

• Fossil fuels supply about 90 of energy used in
  developed countries.
• As demand increases and supplies dwindle, what
  happens to price?
• What can we do to make sure we dont run out?
• Alternative energy sources
• Deep-ocean oil reserves

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Assignment

1. Popcorn reading Case Study (pp.440-441)
2. Answer questions on p.441
3. Section Review (p.443) 2-4, 6