Cancer

1
Cancer

• Chapter 26

2
Terminology

• Cancer- An uncontrollable growth of abnormal
  cells
• Tumor- An abnormal mass of tissues that has no
  natural role in the body
• Benign tumor- A tumor that is not cancerous
• Malignant tumor- A cancerous tumor that may
  spread through the blood or lymph nodes

3
Terminology

• Biopsy- Removal of a small piece of tissue to be
  examined for cancer, inflammation or disease

• Metastasis- The spreading of cancer from its
  original point to other parts of the body

4
Terminology

• Remission- A period of times when the symptoms
  of cancer (or disease) disappear
• Carcinogen- A cancer causing agent
• Ex.- Cigarette smoke, ultraviolet radiationetc

5
Detection

• Self exams
• Testicular exams- Checking for lumps or fluid
  mass in scrotum
• Breast- Checking for lumps in the breasts
• Skin- Looking for abnormal change in moles,
  freckles and skin in general

6
Treatments

• Oncologist- A doctor who specializes in the
  treatment of cancer
• Surgery- Removal of cancerous masses (tumors)
  from the body
• Radiation therapy- Using radioactive rays to
  destroy cancerous cells and shrink cancerous
  masses

7
Treatments

• Chemotherapy- Use of chemicals to destroy
  cancerous cells
• Immunotherapy- Activates the immune system to
  recognize specific cancers and destroy them
• Hormone therapy- Use of medication to interfere
  with the production of hormones. This kills
  cancer cells or slows their growth.

8
Smoking and Cancer
Annual Deaths Among Smokers Attributable to
Smoking-Related Diseases
Emphysema Lung
Age of Smoking Initiation Among Adult Daily
Smokers
Tobacco Use Among Middle School Students
9
Prostrate Cancer

• Prostate- Male reproductive organ that produces
  seminal fluid
• Risk for cancer increases with age
• Screenings should begin around age 50

10
Oral Cancer

• Use of spit tobacco increases risk
• Leukoplakia- Red or white patches inside the
  mouth
• Develop from use of spit tobacco

11
CAUTION

• C- Change in bowel habits
• A- A sore that does not heal
• U- Unusual bleeding or discharge
• T- Thickening or lump (in the breast/testes
  or elsewhere)
• I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• O- Obvious change in a wart or mole
• N- Nagging cough or hoarseness