Pumping Oxygenating Machine

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Pumping Oxygenating Machine

• Cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Uses of cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Components of cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Operation.

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Cardiopulmonary bypass
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique that
temporarily takes over the function of the heart
and lungs during surgery. It also maintains the
circulation of blood and the oxygen content of
the body. The CPB pump itself is often referred
to as a Heart-Lung Machine or the Pumper.
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Uses of cardiopulmonary bypass CPB used for
induction of total body hypothermia which is a
state when the body can be maintained for an hour
or more without perfusion(blood flow).
Cardiopulmonary bypass is commonly used in hart
surgery because of the difficulty of operating on
the beating heart. Operations requiring the
opening of the chambers of the heart require the
use of CPB to support the circulation during that
period.
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• Components of cardiopulmonary bypass
• Cardiopulmonary bypass consists of two main
  functional units, the pump and the oxygenator.
• Tubing
• The components of the CPB circuit are
  interconnected by a series of tubes made of
  silicone rubber, or PVC.
• Pumps
• Roller pump
• The pump console usually comprises several
  rotating motor-driven pumps that peristaltically
  "massage" tubing . This action gently propels the
  blood through the tubing.

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• Centrifugal pump
• It maintains and controls of blood flow during
  CPB by altering the speed of revolution (RPM) of
  the pump head, blood flow is produced by
  centrifugal force. This type of pumping action is
  considered to be superior to the action of the
  roller pump by many because it is thought to
  produce less blood damage.

• Oxygenator
• The oxygenator is designed to transfer oxygen to
  infused blood and remove carbon dioxide from the
  venous blood.

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Bubble oxygenators have no intervening barrier
between blood and oxygen, these are called
'direct contact' oxygenators. Membrane
oxygenators introduce a gas-permeable membrane
between blood and oxygen that decreases the blood
trauma of direct-contact oxygenators
Another type of oxygenator gaining favor recently
is the heparin-coate blood oxygenator which is
believed to produce less systemic inflammation
and decrease the propensity for blood to clot in
the CPB circuit
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• Cannulae
• A- A venous cannula removes oxygen deprived blood
  from a patients body.
• B- An arterial cannula is sewn into a patient's
  body and is used to infuse oxygen-rich blood.
• C- A cardioplegia cannula is sewn into the heart
  to deliver a cardioplegia solution to cause the
  heart to stop beating.

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Cardioplegia A CPB circuit consists of a systemic
circuit for oxygenating blood and reinfusing
blood into a patient's body, and a separate
circuit for infusing cardioplegia to stop the
heart and provide myocardia protection. Operation
A CPB circuit must be primed with fluid and all
air expunged before connection to the patient.
The circuit is primed with a crystalloid solution
and sometimes blood products are also added.
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References 1- Lim M (2006). "The history of
extracorporeal oxygenators". Anaesthesia 61 (10)
984-95. 2-www.wikipedia.com
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