Chapter 12 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones

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Chapter 12Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes,
and Ketones

• Aldehydes and Ketones

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Aldehydes and Ketones

• In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a
  carbonyl group
• O carbonyl group
• ?
• CH3-C-H
• In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a
  carbonyl group
• O carbonyl group
• ?
• CH3-C-CH3

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Naming Aldehydes

• IUPAC Replace the -e in the alkane name -al
• Common Add aldehyde to the prefixes form (1C),
  acet (2C), propion(3), and butry(4C)
• O O O
• ? ? ?
• H-C-H CH3-C-H CH3CH2C-H
• methanal ethanal propanal
• (formaldehyde) (acetaldehyde)
  (propionaldehyde)

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Aldehydes as Flavorings
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Glucose is an aldehyde
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Naming Ketones

• In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is
  replaced with -one
• In the common name, add the word ketone
• after naming the alkyl groups attached to the
  
• carbonyl group
• O O
• ? ?
• CH3 -C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH3
• Propanone 2-Butanone
• (Dimethyl ketone) (Ethyl methyl ketone)

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Ketones

• O O
• ? ?
• Butter flavor CH3-C-C-CH3 butanedione
• O
• ?
• Clove flavor CH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
• 2-heptanone

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Fructose is a Ketone

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Ketones as Hormones
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Learning Check AK 1

• Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or
  neither(3).
• O
• ?
• A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3-O-CH3
• CH3 O
• ?
• C. CH3-C-CH2CH D.
• CH3

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Solution AK 1

• Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or
  neither(3).
• O
• ?
• A. CH3CH2CCH3 2 B. CH3-O-CH3 3
• CH3 O
• ?
• C. CH3-C-CH2CH 1 D. 2
• CH3

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Learning Check AK 2

• Name the following
• O
• ?
• A. CH3CH2CCH3 B.
• CH3 O
• ?
• C. CH3-C-CH2CH
• CH3

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Solution AK 2

• O
• ?
• A. CH3CH2CCH3 B.
• 2-butanone (ethyl methyl ketone)
• CH3 O
• ?
• C. CH3-C-CH2CH
• cyclohexanone
• CH3
• 2,2-dimethylbutanal

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Learning Check AK 3

• Draw the structural formulas for each
• A. 3-Methylpentanal
• B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal
• C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

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Solution AK 3

• Draw the structural formulas for each
• CH3 O ?
• A. 3-Methylpentanal CH3CHCHCH2CH
• Br O
• ?
• B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal Br-CH2CHCH
• 
  O
• ?
• C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone CH3CHCCH3
• CH3